The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury, Volume 03 (of 11) — Thomas Hobbes — John Shaqi
The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury, Volume 03 (of 11)
Thomas Hobbes · en
This perpetual fear, always accompanying mankind in the ignorance of
causes, as it were in the dark, must needs have for object something.
And therefore when there is nothing to be seen, there is nothing to
accuse, either of their good, or evil fortune, but some _power_, or
agent _invisible_: in which sense perhaps it was, that some of the old
poets said, that the gods were at first created by human fear: which
spoken of the gods, that is to say, of the many gods of the Gentiles, is
very true. But the acknowledging of one God, eternal, infinite, and
omnipotent, may more easily be derived, from the desire men have to know
the causes of natural bodies, and their several virtues, and operations;
than from the fear of what was to befall them in time to come. For he
that from any effect he seeth come to pass, should reason to the next
and immediate cause thereof, and from thence to the cause of that cause,
and plunge himself profoundly in the pursuit of causes; shall at last
come to this, that there must be, as even the heathen philosophers
confessed, one first mover; that is, a first, and an eternal cause of
all things; which is that which men mean by the name of God: and all
this without thought of their fortune; the solicitude whereof, both
inclines to fear, and hinders them from the search of the causes of
other things; and thereby gives occasion of feigning of as many gods, as
there be men that feign them.
[Sidenote: And suppose them incorporeal.]
And for the matter, or substance of the invisible agents, so fancied;
they could not by natural cogitation, fall upon any other conceit, but
that it was the same with that of the soul of man; and that the soul of
man, was of the same substance, with that which appeareth in a dream, to
one that sleepeth; or in a looking-glass, to one that is awake; which,
men not knowing that such apparitions are nothing else but creatures of
the fancy, think to be real, and external substances; and therefore call
them ghosts; as the Latins called them _imagines_, and _umbræ_; and
thought them spirits, that is, thin aerial bodies; and those invisible
agents, which they feared, to be like them; save that they appear, and
vanish when they please. But the opinion that such spirits were
incorporeal, or immaterial, could never enter into the mind of any man
by nature; because, though men may put together words of contradictory
signification, as _spirit_, and _incorporeal_; yet they can never have
the imagination of any thing answering to them: and therefore, men that
by their own meditation, arrive to the acknowledgment of one infinite,
omnipotent, and eternal God, chose rather to confess he is
incomprehensible, and above their understanding, than to define his
nature by _spirit incorporeal_, and then confess their definition to be
unintelligible: or if they give him such a title, it is not
_dogmatically_, with intention to make the divine nature understood; but