"If the whole of natural theology, as some people seem to maintain,
resolves itself into one simple, though somewhat ambiguous, at
least undefined proposition, _That the cause or causes of order in
the universe probably bear some remote analogy to human
intelligence_: If this proposition be not capable of extension,
variation, or more particular explication: If it affords no
inference that affects human life or can be the source of any
action or forbearance: And if the analogy, imperfect as it is, can
be carried no further than to the human intelligence, and cannot be
transferred, with any appearance of probability, to the other
qualities of the mind; if this really be the case, what can the
most inquisitive, contemplative, and religious man do more than
give a plain, philosophical assent to the proposition, as often as
it occurs, and believe that the arguments on which it is
established exceed the objections which lie against it? Some
astonishment indeed will naturally arise from the greatness of the
object; some melancholy from its obscurity; some contempt of human
reason, that it can give no solution more satisfactory with regard
to so extraordinary and magnificent a question. But believe me,
Cleanthes, the most natural sentiment which a well-disposed mind
will feel on this occasion, is a longing desire and expectation
that Heaven would be pleased to dissipate, at least alleviate, this
profound ignorance, by affording some more particular revelation to
mankind, and making discoveries of the nature, attributes, and
operations of the Divine object of our faith."[29]--(II. pp.
547-8.)
Such being the sum total of Hume's conclusions, it cannot be said that
his theological burden is a heavy one. But, if we turn from the _Natural
History of Religion_, to the _Treatise_, the _Inquiry_, and the
_Dialogues_, the story of what happened to the ass laden with salt, who
took to the water, irresistibly suggests itself. Hume's theism, such as
it is, dissolves away in the dialectic river, until nothing is left but
the verbal sack in which it was contained.
Of the two theistic propositions to which Hume is committed, the first
is the affirmation of the existence of a God, supported by the argument
from the nature of causation. In the _Dialogues_, Philo, while pushing
scepticism to its utmost limit, is nevertheless made to say that--
" ... where reasonable men treat these subjects, the question can
never be concerning the _Being_, but only the _Nature_, of the
Deity. The former truth, as you will observe, is unquestionable and
self-evident. Nothing exists without a cause, and the original
cause of this universe (whatever it be) we call God, and piously
ascribe to him every species of perfection."--(II. p. 439.)