[Footnote 106: τῶν δαιμόνων, _a demonibus_, Cr. But the word δαίμων is hardly ever used in classic or N.T. Greek for a devil or evil spirit, generally called δαιμόνιον. Δαίμων here and elsewhere in this chapter plainly means a god of lesser rank or spirit. Cf. Plutarch _de Is. et Os._, cc. 25-30.] [Footnote 107: τῷ παιδὶ, the magician’s assistant necessary in all operations requiring confederacy or hypnotism.] [Footnote 108: For the composition of this see Plutarch, _op. cit._, c. 81.] [Footnote 109: ὁ μυχός. Often used for the women’s chamber or gynaeceum.] [Footnote 110: Clearly the Egyptian sun-god Ra or Rê, the Phi in front being the Coptic definite article. It is a curious instance of the undying nature of any superstition that in the magical ceremonies of the extant Parisian sect of Vintrasists, Ammon-Ra, the Theban form of this god, is invoked apparently with some idea that he is a devil. See Jules Bois’ _Le Satanisme et la Magie_, Paris, 1895.] [Footnote 111: χαλκάνθον, sulphate of iron, which, mixed with tincture or decoction of nut-galls, makes writing ink. Our own word copperas is an exact translation.] [Footnote 112: φιάλη. A broad flat pan used for sacrificial purposes.] [Footnote 113: There is some muddle here, probably due to Hippolytus not having any practical acquaintance with the tricks described. The smoke of nut-galls would hardly make the writing visible. On the other hand, letters written in milk will turn brown if exposed to the fire without the application of any ash.] [Footnote 114: A sauce made of brine and small fish.] [Footnote 115: See the roughly-drawn vignettes usual in magic papyri, _e. g._ Parthey, _Zwei griechische Zauberpapyri_, Berlin, 1866, p. 155; Karl Wessely, _Griechische Zauberpapyri von Paris und London_, Vienna, 1888, p. 118.] [Footnote 116: τὰς φρένας. One of Hippolytus’ puns.] [Footnote 117: Hebrew was used in these ceremonies, because they were largely in the hands of the Jews. See _Forerunners and Rivals of Christianity_, II, pp. 33, 34, for references.] [Footnote 118: ἠχεῖ. Particularly appropriate to the striking of a metal disc.] [Footnote 119: The book of course was a long roll of parchment, the inner coils of which could be drawn out as described.] [Footnote 120: ὀρυκτῶν ἁλῶν. Cruice translates fossil salts. Does he mean rock-salt?] [Footnote 121: τὸ ἰνδικὸν μέλαν. Either indigo dye or pepper. Cayenne pepper put in the flame might have a startling effect on the audience.] [Footnote 122: Where?] [Footnote 123: Said to be an astringent earth made from rock-alum, and containing both alum and vitriol. Known to Hippocrates.] [Footnote 124: Red lead or vermilion? The idea seems to be to frighten the dupe by the supposed prodigy of a hen laying eggs which have red or black inside them instead of white.]