[Footnote 181: Job i. 7. The Book of Job according to some writers comes from an Essene school, which may give us some clue to the origin of these ideas. The Enochian literature to which the same tendency is assigned is full of speculations about the heavenly bodies. See _Forerunners_, I, p. 159, for references.] [Footnote 182: ὁ ἐν γόνασιν. Aratus calls this constellation ὁ ἐν γόνασι καθήμενος, Cicero _Engonasis_, Ovid _Genunixus_, Vitruvius, Manilius and J. Firmicus Maternus, _Ingeniculus_.] [Footnote 183: A perversion of the “it shall bruise thy head and thou shall bruise his heel,” of Genesis iii. 15.] [Footnote 184: From his attitude the Kneeler resembles the figure of Atlas supporting the world, who as Omophorus plays a great part in Manichæan mythology. Cumont derives this from a Babylonian original, for which and his connection with Mithraic cosmogony see his _Recherches sur le Manichéisme_, Brussels, 1908, I, p. 70, figs. 1 and 2. The constellation is now known as Hercules.] [Footnote 185: Hippolytus here evidently quotes not from Aratus, but from some unnamed Gnostic or heretic writer, whom Cruice thinks must have been a Jew. Yet he was plainly a Christian, as appears from his remarks about the “Second Creation.” An Ebionite writer might have preserved many Essene superstitions.] [Footnote 186: Cruice, following Roeper, says these words have slipped in from an earlier page.] [Footnote 187: ὀφιοῦχος. The “Ophiuchus huge” of Milton or Anguitenens.] [Footnote 188: Ἑλίκη. So Aratus and Apollonius Rhodius. Said to be so called from its perpetually revolving. Cruice remarks on this sentence that it does not seem to have been written by a Greek, and quotes Epiphanius as to the addiction of the Pharisees to astrology. But see last note but one.] [Footnote 189: ἑλίκη. A pun quite in Hippolytus’ manner.] [Footnote 190: πρὸς ἣν ... ναυτίλλονται. Cruice and Macmahon alike translate this “towards which,” but Aratus clearly means “steer by” both here and earlier.] [Footnote 191: Herodotus I, 1. He does not say, however, that the Greeks were Phœnicians.] [Footnote 192: Rather the conceiver, from κύω, to conceive. γεννάω is used of the mother by Aristotle, _De Gen. Animal._, 3, 5, 6.] [Footnote 193: λογικῆς.] [Footnote 194: Reading Ιάσαδος for Cruice’s Ἰασίδαο. The text is said to have εἰς ἀΐδαο.] [Footnote 195: γράμματα, elementa, Cr. But I think the allusion is to the story they contain for those who can read them.] [Footnote 196: The Swan.] [Footnote 197: τὰς ἰδέας.] [Footnote 198: If Hippolytus’ words are here correctly transcribed, the “heretic” quoted seems to have two inconsistent ideas about the stars. One is that the constellations are types or allegories of what takes place in man’s soul; the other, that they are the patterns after which the creatures of this world were made. This last is Mithraic rather than Christian.] [Footnote 199: τῆς τούτων ὑπολήψεως, _ab horum cogitationibus_, Cr.]