[Footnote 35: The construction of the whole of this paragraph offers difficulty, and many emendations have been proposed in the text. The reading of Roeper has been mainly followed here, and the meaning is not doubtful.] [Footnote 36: ἐν τῷ λαῷ, _i.e._ “the laity.”] [Footnote 37: “Worshipper of two gods.” In Döllinger’s opinion (_op. cit._, p. 219) this accusation was well founded.] [Footnote 38: ἀγαπητόν. Doubtless written sarcastically. Wordsworth, Cruice and Macmahon all attach the phrase to δοκεὶ and translate “seems good,” for which use of the word I can find no precedent.] [Footnote 39: ἐμαρτύρησεν. A play on the double meaning of the word, which might be translated “he was martyred.” But Callistus had not been martyred when our text was written, nor was he even a confessor.] [Footnote 40: Ἔπαρχος. Fuscianus was Prefect of the City from A.D. 188 to 193.] [Footnote 41: Evidently the freedman of Marcus Aurelius whose inscription is to be found in C.I.L. 13040. Cf. de Rossi, _Bull._, 1866, p. 3, and Duchesne, _Hist. ancienne_, I, p. 294, n. 1.] [Footnote 42: “Public Fishpool.” It was one of the fourteen _Regiones_ of the city and the quarter of the money-dealers. The Latin name is here not translated, but written in Greek letters.] [Footnote 43: ἐξαφανίσας. A similar word is used by Carpophorus in his address to Fuscianus later. Döllinger, _op. cit._, argues that this does not necessarily imply any criminality on Callistus’ part as he may have lost the money in an attempt to increase his master’s profit. See note on next page.] [Footnote 44: οὐκ ἔλιπεν ὃς. Bunsen calls this “a rank Latinism.”] [Footnote 45: Döllinger (_op. cit._, p. 109) draws attention to Carpophorus’ cruelty as shown by his condemnation of a fellow-Christian to the awful punishment of the treadmill.] [Footnote 46: Portus Ostiensis or Ostia, the Port of Rome.] [Footnote 47: Döllinger (_op. cit._, p. 110) argues that this was not suicide but an attempt to escape.] [Footnote 48: εἰς πίστρινον, transliterated as before. The terrible nature of this punishment is well known. Cf. Darenberg and Saglio, _Dict. des Antiq._, s.h.v.] [Footnote 49: Döllinger (_op. cit._, p. 110) thinks that he had lent it to the Jews, and that this accounts for the subsequent riot.] [Footnote 50: See last note. In Döllinger’s opinion, he only went there to ask for his money.] [Footnote 51: ἀφανίσας.] [Footnote 52: Döllinger (_ubi cit._) points out that Carpophorus’ speech throws further light on his character. Callistus _was_ a Christian, as Hippolytus admits. Carpophorus’ anxiety to prevent his being sentenced is explained by the fear of losing Callistus’ services, sentence of penal servitude acting as manumission.] [Footnote 53: Victor’s exact date is uncertain, but he probably succeeded Eleutherus as Pope in A.D. 189 and was himself succeeded by Zephyrinus in 202.]