[117] J. C. HARRINGTON, "Dating Stem Fragments of Seventeenth and Eighteenth Century Clay Tobacco Pipes," _Quarterly Bulletin Archeological Society of Virginia_ (September 1954), vol. 9, no. 1, no pagination. AUDREY NOËL HUME, "Clay Tobacco Pipe Dating in the Light of Recent Excavations," ibid. (December 1963), vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 22-25. LEWIS H. BINFORD, "A New Method of Calculating Dates from Kaolin Pipe Stem Samples," _Southeastern Archeological Newsletter_ (June 1962), vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 19-21. [118] See IVOR NOËL HUME, "Excavations at Rosewell, Gloucester County, Virginia, 1957-1959" (paper 18 in _Contributions from the Museum of History and Technology: Papers 12-18_, U.S. National Museum Bulletin 225, by various authors; Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1963), p. 222, fig. 35, no. 7, and p. 220. [119] ADRIAN OSWALD, "The Archaeology and Economic History of English Clay Tobacco Pipes," _Journal of the British Archaeological Association_ (London, 1960), 3d series, vol. 23, p. 83. [120] OSWALD, loc. cit. (footnote 59). [121] NOËL HUME, "Excavations at Rosewell," p. 220, footnote 96. [122] See: J. F. BLACKER, _The A B C of English Salt-Glaze Stoneware from Dwight to Doulton_ (London: S. Paul & Co., 1922), p. 34ff.; and IVOR NOËL HUME, "Bellarmines and Mr. Dwight," _Wine and Spirit Trade Record_ (December 17, 1956), pp. 1628-1632. [123] C. MALCOLM WATKINS and IVOR NOËL HUME, "The 'Poor Potter' of Yorktown" (paper 54 in _Contributions from the Museum of History and Technology_, U.S. National Museum Bulletin 249, by various authors), Washington: Smithsonian Institution, in press. [124] The earliest known importation is indicated in _Boston News-Letter_ of January 17, 1724 (G. F. Dow, _The Arts and Crafts in New England, 1704-1775_, Topsfield, Massachusetts: The Wayside Press, 1927, p. 82). [125] The common term "wine bottle" is used here for the sake of convenience, though it should be realized that bottles were not specifically shaped to contain wine but were used for any and all liquids from beer to oil. [126] ADRIAN OSWALD, "English Clay Tobacco Pipes," _Archeological News Letter_ (April 1951), vol. 3, no. 10, p. 158. The type is attributed to the period about 1700-1750, with the distribution mainly in the southwest of England. [127] See NOËL HUME, "Excavations at Rosewell," p. 220, footnote 96. [128] See J. C. HARRINGTON, "Tobacco Pipes from Jamestown," _Quarterly Bulletin Archeological Society of Virginia_ (June 1951), vol. 5, no. 4, no pagination. [129] See J. F. HAYWARD, _English Cutlery_ (London: Victoria and Albert Museum handbook, 1956), pp. 15-16, pl. 13b. [130] Ibid., p. 16, pl. 17c. [131] For a similar example, see J. PAUL HUDSON, _New Discoveries at Jamestown_ (Washington: National Park Service, 1957), p. 34, second knife from bottom. [132] The 18th-century shanks tend to be bulbous either below the shoulder or at the midsection.