The History of England in Three Volumes, Vol. I., Part E.: From Charles I. to Cromwell
David Hume · en
After this success, the attention both of king and parliament was turned
towards the west, as to a very important scene of action. The king sent
thither the marquis of Hertford and Prince Maurice, with a reënforcement
of cavalry; who, having joined the Cornish army, soon overran the county
of Devon; and advancing into that of Somerset, began to reduce it
to obedience. On the other hand, the parliament, having supplied
Sir William Waller, in whom they much trusted, with a complete army,
despatched him westwards, in order to check the progress of the
royalists. After some skirmishes, the two armies met at Lansdown, near
Bath, and fought a pitched battle, with great loss on both sides, but
without any decisive event.[**] The gallant Granville was there killed;
and Hopton, by the blowing up of some powder, was dangerously hurt.
* Rush, vol. vi. p. 267, 273. Clarendon, vol. iii. p. 269,
279.
** Rush, vol. vi. p. 284. Clarendon, vol. iii. p. 282.
The royalists next attempted to march eastwards, and to join their
forces to the king's at Oxford: but Waller hung on their rear, and
infested their march till they reached the Devizes. Reënforced by
additional troops, which flocked to him from all quarters, he so much
surpassed the royalists in number, that they durst no longer continue
their march, or expose themselves to the hazard of an action. It was
resolved that Hertford and Prince Maurice should proceed with the
cavalry; and, having procured a reënforcement from the king, should
hasten back to the relief of their friends. Waller was so confident of
taking this body of infantry, now abandoned by the horse, that he wrote
to the parliament that their work was done, and that by the next post
he would inform them of the number and quality of the prisoners. But the
king, even before Hertford's arrival, hearing of the great difficulties
to which his western army was reduced, had prepared a considerable body
of cavalry, which he immediately despatched to their succor under the
command of Lord Wilmot. Waller drew up on Roundway Down, about two miles
from the Devizes, and advancing with his cavalry to fight Wilmot, and
prevent his conjunction with the Cornish infantry, was received with
equal valor by the royalists. After a sharp action, he was totally
routed, and flying with a few horse, escaped to Bristol. Wilmot, seizing
the enemy's cannon, and having joined his friends whom he came to
relieve, attacked Waller's infantry with redoubled courage, drove them
off the field, and routed and dispersed the whole army.[*]
* Rush. vol. vi. p. 285. Clarendoo. vol. iii. p. 29l.