A Treatise of Human Nature — David Hume — John Shaqi
A Treatise of Human Nature
David Hume · English
I believe the most general and most popular explication of this matter,
is to say,[13] that finding from experience, that there are several new
productions in matter, such as the motions and variations of body, and
concluding that there must somewhere be a power capable of producing
them, we arrive at last by this reasoning at the idea of power and
efficacy. But to be convinced that this explication is more popular
than philosophical, we need but reflect on two very obvious principles.
First, that reason alone can never give rise to any original idea, and
secondly, that reason, as distinguished from experience, can never make
us conclude, that a cause or productive quality is absolutely requisite
to every beginning of existence. Both these considerations have been
sufficiently explained: and therefore shall not at present be any
farther insisted on.
[13] See Mr. Locke, chapter of power.
I shall only infer from them, that since reason can never give rise to
the idea of efficacy, that idea must be derived from experience, and
from some particular instances of this efficacy, which make their
passage into the mind by the common channels of sensation or reflection.
Ideas always represent their objects or impressions; and vice versa,
there are some objects necessary to give rise to every idea. If we
pretend, therefore, to have any just idea of this efficacy, we must
produce some instance, wherein the efficacy is plainly discoverable to
the mind, and its operations obvious to our consciousness or sensation.
By the refusal of this, we acknowledge, that the idea is impossible and
imaginary, since the principle of innate ideas, which alone can save
us from this dilemma, has been already refuted, and is now almost
universally rejected in the learned world. Our present business,
then, must be to find some natural production, where the operation and
efficacy of a cause can be clearly conceived and comprehended by the
mind, without any danger of obscurity or mistake.