A Brief History of the English Language and Literature, Vol. 2 — John Stuart Mill — John Shaqi
A Brief History of the English Language and Literature, Vol. 2
John Stuart Mill · en
(i) +Up to the year 1100-- one generation after the Battle of Senlac--
the English language was a+ SYNTHETIC +Language.+
(ii) +From the year 1100 or thereabouts, English has been losing its
inflexions, and gradually becoming more and more an ANALYTIC
Language.+
4. +Causes of this Change.+-- Even before the coming of the Danes and
the Normans, the English people had shown a tendency to get rid of some
of their inflexions. A similar tendency can be observed at the present
time among the Germans of the Rhine Province, who often drop an +n+ at
the end of a word, and show in other respects a carelessness about
grammar. But, when a foreign people comes among natives, such a tendency
is naturally encouraged, and often greatly increased. The natives
discover that these inflexions are not so very important, if only they
can get their meaning rightly conveyed to the foreigners. Both parties,
accordingly, come to see that the +root+ of the word is the most
important element; they stick to that, and they come to neglect the mere
inflexions. Moreover, the accent in English words always struck the
root; and hence this part of the word always fell on the ear with the
greater force, and carried the greater weight. When the Danes-- who
spoke a cognate language-- began to settle in England, the tendency to
drop inflexions increased; but when the Normans-- who spoke an entirely
different language-- came, the tendency increased enormously, and the
inflexions of Anglo-Saxon began to “fall as the leaves fall” in the dry
wind of a frosty October. Let us try to trace some of these changes and
losses.