Here is a curious circumstance: on account of the difference of
rotation, the Jovian year comprises 87 more (Jovian) days at the
equator than it does in the subtropical zone. If it were the same on
our globe, the inhabitants of the Congo, Colombia, Borneo, and Sumatra
would have a day more in their year (and even five in four years) than
those of Senegal, the Antilles, Siam, or India, a difference of 125
days per century! It would be difficult to keep their calendars in
agreement.
There are seven or eight kinds of currents between the equator and the
poles, so that one can say of Jupiter, as of the Sun, that it does not
turn in one piece.
And those speeds themselves vary with the years. In the southern
tropical zone there is a curious spot which has been followed with
some interest for fifty years. Although it is much larger than the
Earth, it seems to float in the current. Constant observation shows its
period of rotation to have been 9 hours 55 minutes 41 seconds in 1900
and 9 hours 55 minutes 39 seconds in 1906, and its period returned in
1913 to the figure of 1900. What is the nature of this floating spot?
In 1890 its colour was red. It then gradually got paler, and then
pink once more. Its shape was that of a long oval, measuring 26,000
miles in length, or more than three times the diameter of our globe.
The current in which it floats has not the same period of rotation
as the spot itself. The spot is pushed from west to east, and it has
shifted 57 degrees in two years. Now, a degree on the globe of Jupiter
in that latitude represents 720 miles. This Jovian formation has,
therefore, been displaced 41,000 miles, or a distance more than five
times the diameter of our planet. It is as if Australia were to detach
itself from the bottom of the sea and float about on the surface of
the Pacific Ocean! Does this oscillation, which we only see in plan,
and not in elevation, indicate the formation of a satellite trying to
disengage itself from its parent planet and not succeeding? It looks
as if there were on this giant world of Jupiter no surface at all,
but irregular aerial layers one over the other, and full of clouds.
The temperature must be very high, and enormous masses of vapour
are formed, to wrestle in prodigious storms. Though mythology is of
no importance here, it is evident that Jupiter is indeed the god of
thunder-storms. Jupiter is a world in the making, a sun which has lost
its light, but not its heat. Its density, nearly equal to that of the
Sun, is barely greater than that of water. A globe of vapour varied by
mountains of clouds, impalpable Himalayas, aerial Alps in convulsions,
fluid and constantly agitated Pyrenees! Its colossal bulk has prevented
its cooling as fast as our Earth, and it will no doubt take tens of
hundreds of millions of years to arrive at a temperature fit for
inhabitants. In all probability there is nobody yet on Jupiter, neither
men nor animals nor plants. This immense world is in its primordial