Letters to the young from the Old World : $b Notes of travel
John Stuart Mill · en
Westminster Abbey is a church, and it is a sacred place for the English
people, for in it are to be seen the tombs of kings, queens and other
noted people. In looking around one is impressed with the thought of
age; and no wonder, for we read that the Abbey had been destroyed by the
Danes, and re-erected by King Edgar in the year 985. But it seems to have
been “entirely rebuilt in the latter half of the 13th century by Henry
the Third and his son Edward the Fifth, who left it substantially in its
present condition.” The Abbey seems almost like a graveyard, for as you
pass up one aisle and down another you behold large monuments erected in
memory of noble men who fell in battle.
How strange it seemed to be standing by the tombs of kings and queens of
whom we had read when school children. There in a vault were the remains
of Charles the Second, William the Third, and Queen Mary his wife. And
further on was the monument of Queen Elizabeth. I might go on and write
many pages of what we saw there, but must leave the gloomy, dismal
place. I wondered how people could worship in a place where there is such
a grand display of monuments and tombs.
The Tower of London is said to be the most interesting spot in England.
It is found outside of the bounds of the ancient city walls. It has four
entrances,—the “Iron Gate, the Water Gate, and the Traitor’s Gate.” These
gates are on the side next to the river Thames. The men who act as guards
are called “Wardens or Beef-eaters.” I think every one of them is a very
old man. The strange term beef-eater is explained as being “a nickname
bestowed upon the ancient yeomen of the guard from the fact that rations
of beef were regularly served out to them when on duty.”
In the Tower is the armory, where may be seen implements of war and
torture, figures of horses almost as natural looking as life, and
soldiers seated upon their backs equipped for war; a good representation
of how the warriors of the time of king Charles First and William the
Conqueror looked when ready for fight. There we saw the beheading block,
axe and mask which were used in the dreadful work of sending people into
eternity.
There is a chapel which no visitors are allowed to enter, and in it are
buried celebrated persons who were beheaded. In the year 1535 the first
person was executed, and in the following year, 1536, Queen Anne Boleyn
was beheaded upon the green; and we stood near the spot where the bloody
deed was done, for a marble slab marks the place. When looking at the
beheading block we could not help but think of the untold agony it could
tell were it but able to speak. Many noted people, both men and women,
were at different times imprisoned in the Tower, placed there to await
the time of execution. But sometimes one of them would be murdered there,
while others again were tortured and then taken away to be burned as
heretics. Those were distressing times, and innocent people suffered.