The book of the ancient Greeks: An introduction to the history and civilization of Greece from the coming of the Greeks to the conquest of Corinth by Rome in 146 B.C. — John Stuart Mill — John Shaqi
The book of the ancient Greeks: An introduction to the history and civilization of Greece from the coming of the Greeks to the conquest of Corinth by Rome in 146 B.C.
John Stuart Mill · en
Solon wanted to bring order into the distracted city he loved, for he
held that order was one of the greatest blessings a state could have,
so he set to work to reform the government of the state, to reduce
the power of the nobles and to give justice to the people. "First,
he repealed all Draco's laws," (Draco had been an earlier lawgiver in
Athens), "because they were too severe, and the punishments too {99}
great; for death was appointed for almost all offences, so that in
after times it was said that Draco's laws were written not with ink,
but blood."
Solon reformed the government of the state in such a way, that even
the poorest citizens had political rights. They could not all be
Archons, but Athens, like Sparta and other Greek states, had her
general Assembly of the people, and they could all vote at this, and
they could all take part in electing the magistrates. Whilst
recognizing the rights of the poorer citizens, Solon believed in
preserving a certain part of the power of the nobles, and he arranged
the taxation and public service to the state in such a way that the
greater the wealth of a man and the higher his position, the more the
state demanded of him, both in service and money. Solon himself said
of these laws:
I gave to the mass of the people such rank as befitted their need,
I took not away their honour, and I granted nought to their greed;
While those who were rich in power, who in wealth were glorious
and great,
I bethought me that naught should befall them unworthy their
splendour and state;
So I stood with my shield outstretched, and both were safe
in its sight,
And I would not that either should triumph, when the triumph
was not with the right.[6]
{100}
Solon did not please everyone with his laws, and when
some came to him every day, to commend or dispraise them, and to
advise, if possible, to leave out, or put in something, and
desired him to explain, and tell the meaning of such and such a
passage, he, knowing that it was useless, and not to do it would
get him ill will, it being so hard a thing, as he himself says,
in great affairs to satisfy all sides, bought a trading vessel,
and having obtained leave for ten years' absence, departed,
hoping that by that time his laws would have become familiar.
He stayed away the ten years and then returned to Athens. He took no
further part in public affairs, but was reverenced by all and
honoured until his death.