[20] The names included in parentheses represent the Greek, the others being Roman equivalents, Latin names, or names common to both Greek and Roman usage. [21] See Commentary, § 34. [22] On the Latin name, see Commentary, § 24. [23] Iliad, I, 622-625, Earl of Derby's translation. See also the passage in Chapman's translation. [24] On the name _Juno_, see Commentary. [25] For the names _Athene_ and _Minerva_, see Commentary. [26] See Commentary. [27] Iliad, 5, 590. See also 21, 395. [28] Iliad, 18, 395. [29] Iliad, 1, 390. [30] On the birth of Apollo, his adventures, names, festivals, oracles, and his place in literature and art, see Commentary. For other particulars, see sections on _Myths of Apollo_. [31] From Cynthia's Revels. [32] Iliad, 5, 370, etc. [33] A popular etymology. [34] For Venus in poetry and art, see Commentary. [35] From the Venus of Milo, by E. R. Sill, formerly professor of English Literature in the University of California. [36] The references are to the Berkeley Hills, the Bay of San Francisco, and the glimpses of the Pacific. [37] Lang, Odyssey, 24, 1; adapted. [38] Eros, by Edmund Gosse. For verses on the blindness of Cupid, see Lyly's Cupid and Campaspe in Commentary. [39] For description of their spinning, see translation of Catullus, LXIV, in § 191. [40] See Commentary. CHAPTER III THE GODS OF EARTH[41] [Illustration: FIG. 29. DEMETER OF KNIDOS] =39. Conception of the World.= The Greek poets believed the earth to be flat and circular. In their opinion their own country occupied the middle of it, and the central point was either Mount Olympus, the abode of the gods, or Delphi, famous for its oracle. The circular disk of the earth was crossed from west to east and divided into two equal parts by the _Sea_, as they called the Mediterranean and its continuation the Euxine, the only seas with which they were acquainted. Around the earth flowed _River_ _Ocean_, from south to north on the western side, in a contrary direction on the eastern. It flowed in a steady, equable current, unvexed by storm or tempest. The sea and all the rivers on earth received their waters from it. The northern portion of the earth was inhabited by the Hyperboreans, dwelling in bliss and everlasting spring beyond the mountains whose caverns sent forth the piercing blasts of the north wind. Their country was inaccessible by land or sea. They lived exempt from disease or old age, from toils and warfare. "I come" sings one of them,[42]-- I come from a land in the sun-bright deep, Where golden gardens glow, Where the winds of the north, becalmed in sleep, Their conch-shells never blow. [Illustration: FIG. 30. CERES]