The Trade Signs of Essex: A popular account of the origin and meanings of the public houses & other signs
John Stuart Mill · en
The next class of signs to be treated of is that which includes those
derived from “Man and His Parts,” as the old books on Heraldry have it.
Such signs may be styled “Human Signs.” They are numerous, though
usually of but very slight interest; and, as might be expected, very few
are of heraldic origin. In speaking of them it will not be necessary to
give much more than a mere list. The numerous “heads” obviously indicate
a portrait once to have been the sign; and most of these portraits
represent persons of very modern fame. Many Human Signs have already
been noticed under the heading “Arms,” and elsewhere, and it will be
quite unnecessary to refer to them again.
By no means a few of our inns are named after personages who have made
themselves eminent either in the political, military, literary, or
social worlds. The mere mention of these will call to mind many
historical events of importance during the last two centuries. Thus our
six examples of the DUKE OF WELLINGTON, our two of the WELLINGTON, and
our six of the DUKE’S HEAD, remind us of the hero of Talavera and
Salamanca--_the_ Duke of his day--who died in 1852. A DUKE’S HEAD,
however, which existed at Hatfield Broad Oak in 1789, evidently
commemorated some other and earlier Duke, perhaps one of the Dukes of
York. There is also a DUKE OF WELLINGTON (beer-house) at Bocking. The
ADMIRAL ROUS at Galleywood, where Chelmsford Races are held,
commemorates the father of modern English racing, who died only a year
or two ago. The OLIVER TWIST at Leyton was doubtless set up in honour of
the popular Dickens, who well deserves further sign-board honours. The
same may be said of another great Englishman, who is commemorated only
by the SHAKESPEARE’S HEAD at Canning Town. In various parts of the
county we meet with two examples of the EARL OF ESSEX, one of the DUKE
OF NORFOLK, three of the GROSVENOR, one of the LORD HENNIKER, and one of
the CLIFTON, all of which were unquestionably set up in honour of great
titled families. Statesmen are represented by two examples of the EARL
OF DERBY, one of the LORD STANLEY, one of the LORD PALMERSTON, two of
the CLARENDON, and one of the PITT’S HEAD. LORD DENMAN alone seems to
have been selected to represent the legal profession. Among great
military commanders, we have the MARQUIS OF GRANBY (represented by three
examples), the LORD RAGLAN (by three), the LORD GOUGH (by one), the
MARLBOROUGH’S HEAD (by three--one of which is mentioned in the
_Chelmsford Chronicle_ in 1764, while another at Maldon, not now
existing, is mentioned in the same paper on March 2, 1787), and the
*BLUCHER’S HEAD (by one at Romford). The KING OF PRUSSIA still figures
as a sign at *Stratford. Prominent Indian officers seem to be well
represented. Thus we have a GENERAL HAVELOCK (very modern), a SIR COLIN
CAMPBELL, and a SIR JOHN LAWRENCE. Sign-writers seem to have been unable
to keep pace with the rapid promotion of these gentlemen. For instance,