The training of teachers in the United States of America
John Stuart Mill · en
Candidates for the A.B. degree of Columbia University may specialize
for the last year in the department of pedagogy. They are required to
take two subjects, one as major or principal subject, one as minor
subject. A third optional subject may be taken.
To gain a Diploma of the Teachers’ College, a two years’ course of
study is required. This includes:
i. Elements of Psychology--“a course to give skill in description and
explanation of mental phenomena and insight into the observing and
training of children.”
ii. Educational Theories since the Renaissance, with a general survey
of earlier theories.
iii. A course in Psychology, History of Education, or in Principles
of Logic and Psychology as applied to Science and Manual Training.
iv. Study of range of child’s mental activities as the basis
of primary instruction: the vocabulary as a basis of language
teaching; the child’s power and skill of hand as the basis of manual
expression; Methods of Teaching: Observation lessons; Language,
including Reading; Number; Manual Exercises.
v. Principles of Teaching, with special reference to application
of Psychology to the cultivation of intellectual powers, the
feeling, the will. The application of the principles of education to
classification, organization, and school discipline.
vi. Observation and practice teaching, under supervision, and
independently.
vii. Physical training.
viii. Special methods of one subject of study.
The college is distinctly and solely a professional school. There is
no direct instruction in the subject matter of study, the admission
qualification being such as to exclude all persons who have not had
a satisfactory secondary education. Each college department provides
training in the principles and practice of teaching the subjects which
more especially belong to it; but all instruction is entirely from the
standpoint of the teacher. It is particularly stated in connection
with this teaching, that no student is admitted to a course in the
methods of any particular subject unless he can show himself to be
proficient in the subject matter of that branch of instruction. For
those not qualified, by training or academic standing, to pursue the
ordinary work of the college, it has been found advisable to arrange an
introductory course to occupy one year. The preparatory course includes
the study of English, an introduction to science, either drawing,
domestic science, or wood-carving, and either constructive geometry,
with the solution of original problems, or one branch of science with
laboratory work. I spent several days in this college and heard some of
the teaching in psychology, and in science. The psychology and history
of education are both two years’ courses. In psychology the students
begin by learning to make records of their individual observation of
children. The chief use of psychology to the teacher is regarded as