The training of teachers in the United States of America
John Stuart Mill · en
(x.) Physical properties of soils (1).
(xi.) ” ” ” (2).
(xii.) Mineral constituents of soils (1).
(xiii.) ” ” ” (2).
(xiv.) Transpiration of plants.
(xv.) Specific gravity of minerals.
Field excursions were made weekly, and methods of conducting children’s
field excursions were suggested and discussed.
The instruction in blackboard drawing, as illustrating geographical
forms, was excellent. In all cases, the students worked on paper with
charcoal, at the same time as the teacher drew on the wall slate.
After making a sketch, the teacher erased her work at once, in order
to secure rapidity in those who were copying. The members of the class
then distributed themselves round the room at various parts of the wall
slate, and were required to reproduce on the wall slate the drawing
they had just made, the teacher meanwhile giving individual help and
criticising. The subjects for blackboard drawing for the fifteen
lessons of the course were:
(_a_) Illustrations to show how Blackboard Drawing can be
used.
(_b_) Hills, valleys, mountains, plateaus.
(_c_) River-basins, waterfalls, lakes, deltas.
(_d_) Erosion, cliffs, cañons, terraces, gorges.
(_e_) Mountains, ranges, parallel, etc.
(_f_) Continent of N. America. Esquimaux huts; Indian
wigwams; logging camps.
(_g_) United States. Cotton fields, rice swamps, sand bars.
(_h_) Mexico. Central America. Cacti; ruins.
(_i_) S. America. Fiord coasts, volcanoes; tropical forests.
(_j_) Africa. Deserts, sand-dunes, oases, canals.
(_k_) Abyssinian Highlands: Nile Basin, pyramids, palms.
(_l_) Australia Islands, coral, volcanoes.
(_m_) Eurasia; plateaus of Thibet and Gobi.
(_n_) India; Spain; Italy; banyan trees.
(_o_) Norway and Sweden; glaciers, icebergs.
Through the kind permission of Colonel Parker, I was able to hear all
lessons and to see the entire working of the school. Daily visits for
nearly a fortnight served to show, that much educational life was
centered there, and that teachers who occupied responsible positions in
all parts of the States were receiving new light and stimulation for
the working out of their own particular problems.
At the college of the well-known summer assembly at Chautauqua, New
York, there was no professional instruction for teachers this year. I
heard some excellent teaching in physics, German and French; but beyond
the fact that many of the Chautauqua college students were teachers
taking holiday courses of study to equip themselves better for future
teaching, the work that I saw here had no direct bearing upon the
training of teachers.