Thunder and Lightning — John Stuart Mill — John Shaqi
Thunder and Lightning
John Stuart Mill · en
Lightning has no respect for old memories. It demolished with a single
flash a superb giant whose long branches, laden with perfumed leaves,
had given shade to many generations. The splendid tree, which had
survived the severity of several centuries, fell beneath the arrow of
the pernicious fluid. Such was the fate of an oak near l'Etoile du
Grand-Veneur. Struck on the top, its upper branches were violently
torn off.... A spiral furrow beginning at the top ended within a metre
of the ground. But, wonderful to relate, the whole mass of the tree
appeared to have been twisted mightily by a force which worked with so
much power that the tree could never regain its original position. The
fibre, instead of growing vertically, followed the furrow made by the
lightning, and became twisted like a corkscrew. There exist certain
singular trees, the fibre of which grows in spiral fashion, and is
called twisted wood by carpenters and cabinet-makers. Pines and firs
in mountainous countries are fairly often affected in this curious
fashion. One can no more account for it than one can define the cause
of the curved form of some flashes of lightning. One does not know
exactly if they should be attributed to their following the direction
taken by the fibre, or whether, on the contrary, the tree had been
struck in its infancy by a spiral flash, and, submitting to that
influence, continued to grow up corkscrew fashion.
It is most probable that the fall of the thunder-ball on the trees in
this manner is governed by the laws of electricity. We may even note
casually that traces of similar spirals have been remarked on objects
as well as on the dead bodies of those struck by lightning, thus
preserving the ceraunic likeness of the mortal blow.
Other observers, besides, have declared that they saw distinctly the
spiral lightning flash through the atmosphere. But these observations
would need to be confirmed by photographs of indisputable accuracy. In
these circumstances, as in many others, the dark room is worth a
hundred human eyes!
In some cases the curved furrow turns several times. For instance, in
May, 1850, Grebel saw an alder nearly twenty metres high struck by
lightning on the right bank of the Elster below Zeitz. On the lower
part of its trunk were two spiral bands which had carried away bark
and sap-wood, leaving no trace of combustion.
The depth and width of the twist are very variable; at times the
furrow is deeper in the veined parts than at the edges; again it
reaches the core.
Two oaks were struck in June, 1742, in the park at Thornden. One was
marked with a spiral for a length of forty feet to within a little
distance of the ground. The band was five inches wide, but became
narrower as it descended, and was finally no more than two inches
wide. The wood was incised and even torn in places, but the branches
were not hurt. The rest of the bark seemed to have been riddled by
small shot.