Though Xenophanes thus appears (like Pythagoras) mainly as a religious dogmatist, yet theogony and cosmogony were so intimately connected in the sixth century B.C., that he at the same time struck out a new philosophical theory. His negation of theogony was tantamount to a negation of cosmogony. In substituting Ens Unum--one God for many, he set aside all distinct agencies in the universe, to recognise only one agent, single, all-pervading, indivisible. He repudiated all genesis of a new reality, all actual existence of parts, succession, change, beginning, end, etc., in reference to the universe, as well as in reference to God. "Wherever I turned my mind (he exclaimed) everything resolved itself into One and the same: all things existing came back always and everywhere into one similar and permanent nature."[52] The fundamental tenet of Xenophanes was partly religious, partly philosophical, Pantheism, or Pankosmism: looking upon the universe as one real all-comprehensive Ens, which he would not call either finite or infinite, either in motion or at rest.[53] Non-Ens he pronounced to be an absurdity--an inadmissible and unmeaning phrase. [Footnote 52: Timon, fragment of the Silli ap. Sext. Empiric. Hypot. Pyrrh. i. 33, sect. 224. [Greek: o)/ppê ga\r e)mo\n no/on ei)ru/saimi, ei)s e(\n tau)to/ te pa=n a)nelu/eto, pa=n de o)\n ai)ei\ pa/ntê a)nelko/menon mi/an ei)s phu/sin i)/stath' o(moi/an]. [Greek: Ai)ei\] here appears to be more conveniently construed with [Greek: i)/stath'] not (as Karsten construes it, p. 118) with [Greek: o)/n]. It is fair to presume that these lines are a reproduction of the sentiments of Xenophanes, if not a literal transcript of his words.] [Footnote 53: Theophrastus ap. Simplikium in Aristotel. Physic. f. 6, Karsten, p. 106; Arist. Met. A. 5, p. 986, b. 21: [Greek: Xenopha/nês de\ prô=tos tou/tôn e(ni/sas, o( ga\r Parmeni/dês tou/ton le/getai mathêtê/s,--eis to\n o(/lon ou)/ranon a)poble/psas to\ e(\n ei)=nai/ phêsi to\n theo/n.]] [Side-note: Scepticism of Xenophanes--complaint of philosophy as unsatisfactory.]