The philosophical and mathematical commentaries of Proclus on the first book of Euclid's elements (Vol. 1 of 2) : $b To which are added, A history of the restoration of Platonic theology, by the latter Platonists: And a translation from the Greek of Proclus's Theological elements
Plato · en
Again, the principles of all sciences cannot be the same neither
considered as remote or proximate. Not considered as proximate, because
the principles always correspond to the demonstrated conclusions; but
these are not the same, since they are often generically different;
and consequently the propositions from which they result must be
derived from discordant genera. But propositions consist of such
things as essentially exist; and hence we infer, that the principles
of geometry are essentially distinguished from those of arithmetic,
that they cannot admit of reciprocal accommodation, so that the one may
be predicated, or become the subject of the other, and that the one
can never be subservient as a medium to the other. Again, common and
first principles are not applied in every science; such as this, that
every thing must either be affirmed or denied. Nor can any thing be
proved by their assistance alone, but as often as these are required
in demonstration, other principles more proximate and peculiar to the
given proposition, must always be adopted. Again, axioms universally
conceived, cannot be assumed in syllogism, but they must be contracted,
as it were, to some subject genus. Of this kind is that common
axiom, that as often as any four quantities are proportionable, by
permutation, or changing the order of the terms, the same ratio will
result. For the arts apply this axiom in a restricted sense; geometry,
by considering the relatives as four magnitudes, and arithmetic as four
numbers; but the natural philosopher, by adapting the comparison to
four motions, or four times. Besides, if the principles of all sciences
were the same, it is necessary they should be comprehended by some
certain number, similar to the limitation of the elements: but every
science is capable of immense increase from the many different modes
of amplification the conclusions will admit; and consequently it is
requisite to establish a correspondent number of proper principles;
for such as are common cannot be alone sufficient. Lastly, if the same
principles accord with every science, it follows, that any thing may
be demonstrated from such principles: but the certainty of geometrical
conclusions cannot be established from the principles of music; and
from hence it follows, that although the principles of every science
are not the same, they do not possess an entire diversity, nor yet an
absolute affinity of nature.