[17] P. 68. By the _Journal of Trevoux_ Voltaire meant a critical periodical printed by the Jesuits at Trevoux under the title of _Memoires pour servir a l'Historie des Sciences et des Beaux-Arts_. It existed from 1701 until 1767, during which period its title underwent many changes. [18] P. 76. It has been suggested that Voltaire, in speaking of red sheep, referred to the llama, a South American ruminant allied to the camel. These animals are sometimes of a reddish colour, and were notable as pack-carriers and for their fleetness. [19] P. 78. The first English translator curiously gives "a tourene of bouilli that weighed two hundred pounds," as the equivalent of "_un contour bouilli qui pesait deux cent livres_." The French editor of the 1869 reprint points out that the South American vulture, or condor, is meant; the name of this bird, it may be added, is taken from "_cuntur_," that given it by the aborigines. [20] P. 90. Spanish half-crowns. [21] P. 99. _Socinians_; followers of the teaching of Lalius and Faustus Socinus (16th century), which denied the doctrine of the Trinity, the deity of Christ, the personality of the devil, the native and total depravity of man, the vicarious atonement and eternal punishment. The Socinians are now represented by the Unitarians. _Manicheans_; followers of Manes or Manichaeus (3rd century), a Persian who maintained that there are two principles, the one good and the other evil, each equally powerful in the government of the world. [22] P. 107. In the 1759 editions, in place of the long passage in brackets from here to page 215, there was only the following: "'Sir,' said the Perigordian Abbe to him, 'have you noticed that young person who has so roguish a face and so fine a figure? You may have her for ten thousand francs a month, and fifty thousand crowns in diamonds.' 'I have only a day or two to give her,' answered Candide, 'because I have a rendezvous at Venice.' In the evening after supper the insinuating Perigordian redoubled his politeness and attentions." [23] P. 108. The play referred to is supposed to be "Le Comte d'Essex," by Thomas Corneille. [24] P. 108. In France actors were at one time looked upon as excommunicated persons, not worthy of burial in holy ground or with Christian rites. In 1730 the "honours of sepulture" were refused to Mademoiselle Lecouvreur (doubtless the Miss Monime of this passage). Voltaire's miscellaneous works contain a paper on the matter. [25] P. 109. Elie-Catherine Freron was a French critic (1719-1776) who incurred the enmity of Voltaire. In 1752 Freron, in _Lettres sur quelques ecrits du temps_, wrote pointedly of Voltaire as one who chose to be all things to all men, and Voltaire retaliated by references such as these in _Candide_. [26] P. 111. Gabriel Gauchat (1709-1779), French ecclesiastical writer, was author of a number of works on religious subjects.