_The Volt._--This term may be better understood by making a comparison with something you all know of. Suppose we have a tank containing one hundred gallons of water, and we want to discharge it through a half-inch pipe at the bottom of the tank. Suppose, further, that we wanted to make the water spout upward, and for this purpose the pipe was bent upward as in Fig. 1. If you opened the tap the water would spout out and upward as in Fig. 1. [Illustration: Fig. 2] The cause of its spouting upward would be the _weight_ or _pressure_ of the water in the tank. This pressure is reckoned as so many _pounds_ to the square inch of water. Now, if the tank were placed on the roof of the house and the pipe brought to the ground as shown in Fig. 2, the water would spout up very much higher, because there would be _many more pounds_ of pressure on account of the height of the pipe. So, you see, the force or pressure of water is measured in pounds, and, therefore, a pound is the unit of pressure, or force, of water. Now, in electricity the unit of pressure, or force, is called a volt. This word "volt" does not mean any weight, as the word "pound" weight does. You all know that if you have a pound of water you must have something to hold it, because it has weight, and, consequently, occupies some space. But _electricity itself has no weight_ and therefore cannot occupy any space. When we desire to carry water into a house or other building we do so by means of hollow pipes, which are usually made of iron. This is the way that water is brought into houses in cities and towns, so that it may be drawn and used in any part of a dwelling. Now, the principal supply usually comes from a reservoir which is placed up on high ground so as to give the necessary pounds of pressure to force the water up to the upper part of the houses. If some arrangement of this kind were not made we could get no water in our bedrooms, because, as you know, water will not rise above its own level unless by force. The water cannot escape as long as there are no holes or leaks in the iron pipes, but if there should be the slightest crevice in them the water will run out. In electricity we find similar effects. The electricity is carried into houses by means of wires which are covered, or _insulated_, with various substances, such, for instance, as rubber. Just as the iron of the pipes prevents the water from escaping, the insulation of the wire prevents the escape of the electricity. Now, if we were to cause the pounds of pressure of water, in pipes of ordinary thickness, to be very greatly increased, the pipes could not stand the strain and would burst and the water escape. So it is with electricity. If there were too many volts of pressure the insulation would not be sufficient to hold it and the electricity would escape through the covering, or insulation, of the wire.