CHAPTER XI. STOICISM, 241 THE POSITION OF STOICISM IN ANTIQUITY, 241 THE THREE PERIODS OF STOICISM, 242 1. Period of Formulation of the Doctrine, 242 2. Period of Modified Stoicism, 242 3. Period of Roman Stoicism, 243 THE STOIC LEADERS, 243 THE STOIC WRITINGS, 246 THE STOICS AND CYNICS, 246 THE TWO PROMINENT STOIC CONCEPTIONS, 247 THE CONCEPTION OF PERSONALITY, 248 1. The Stoic Psychology, 248 2. The Highest Good, 250 THE CONCEPTION OF NATURE, 251 1. Nature is an All-pervading World-Being, 253 2. Nature is an All-compelling Law, 253 3. Nature is Matter, 254 THE CONCEPTIONS OF NATURE AND PERSONALITY SUPPLEMENT EACH OTHER, 256 THE STOIC AND SOCIETY, 257 DUTY AND RESPONSIBILITY, 259 THE PROBLEM OF EVIL AND THE PROBLEM OF FREEDOM, 260 THE MODIFICATIONS OF THE STOIC DOCTRINE AFTER THE FIRST PERIOD, 261 CHAPTER XII. SKEPTICISM AND ECLECTICISM, 264 THE APPEARANCES OF PHILOSOPHIC SKEPTICISM, 264 THE THREE PHASES OF PHILOSOPHIC SKEPTICISM, 265 1. The First Phase of Philosophic Skepticism is called Pyrrhonism, 265 2. The Second Period of Philosophic Skepticism――The Skepticism of the Academy, 266 3. The Third Period of Philosophic Skepticism――Sensationalistic Skepticism, 268 THE LAST CENTURY AND A HALF OF THE ETHICAL PERIOD, ECLECTICISM, 269