A Beginner's History of Philosophy, Vol. 1: Ancient and Mediæval PhilosophyCushman, Herbert Ernest
Philosophy
A Beginner's History of Philosophy, Vol. 1: Ancient and Mediæval Philosophy
Cushman, Herbert Ernest
Philosophy -- History
The Period of Classic Scholasticism extends from 1200 to the end of
the Middle Ages (1453). It is a period when a theological metaphysics
arises by the side of the logical controversy and predominates over
that controversy. The problem now concerns the respective scopes of
the reason and faith. The period is Aristotelian, and Aristotle’s
philosophy is made the standard code for the churchman for all time.
Mysticism has now no place of authority in the church, but has an
independence. The period contains the greatest schoolmen of the Middle
Ages.
Summary of the Political and Educational Worlds
of the Mediæval Man.
I. _Early Period_, 476–1000.
395 The Roman empire divided into (_Augustine_, 354–430)
Eastern and Western empires.
476 Fall of the Western empire, 476–800 Disappearance of
the Eastern empire lasting municipal and imperial
about 1000 years longer. schools and rise of
episcopal and monastic
375–600 Northern barbarians overrun schools.
the Western empire in series of
invasions. 525 Boëthius died, the last
notable Roman scholar who
knew Greek.
529 Closing of philosophical
Schools at Athens; _founding
of monastic school by
St. Benedict_.
600 Roman power almost entirely in
hands of barbarians.
622–732 Mohammedans conquer Arabia,
Northern Africa, and Spain.
476–800 Dark Ages.
732 Mohammedans repulsed at the
battle of Tours.
600–800 Fusion took place among
German and Roman peoples.
800 Empire of Charlemagne founded. 800–1000 Benedictine Age: _only
Civilization higher than the period in Western Europe
German, lower than the Roman. when education is entirely
in hands of monks_. The
Palace school; episcopal,
cathedral, and monastery
schools.
(_Erigena_, 810–880,
_the forerunner of
Scholasticism_.)
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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