900–1000 Empire of Charlemagne 900–1000 Dark century with broken up. _Demoralization_. decline of learning. Invasions by Danes and Northmen from the north; Saracens IN THE EARLY PERIOD AND THE from south by sea; Slavs, TRANSITIONAL PERIOD LITTLE Hungarians, Russians, and Poles OF PLATO WAS KNOWN EXCEPT by land. The church demoralized, IN THE FORM OF NEO-PLATONISM Papacy temporarily disappears, AND LITTLE OF ARISTOTLE feudalism replaces empire. EXCEPT OF FRAGMENTS OF HIS LOGIC. II. _Transitional Period_, 1000–1200. 1000 France and Germany get their _First Scholasticism._ first form as nations just (Anselm, 1033–1109) before this year; England just (Roscellinus, d. 1110) after. _Beginning of new birth (Abelard, 1079–1142) of Europe_, caused by conversions of northern nations, 1000 Passion for inquiry takes by enlightened rule of the the place of the old routine. Ottos, by regeneration of Papacy, by development of civic 1160–1200 Traces of the life. origination of the earliest _Beginning of political order, universities. ecclesiastical discipline, and social tranquillity._ 1150–1250 Translation into Revival of architecture Latin directly from Greek followed by renewal of art. The of the works of Aristotle, Romanesque appeared about 1000, previously unknown in Western the Gothic about 1150. Poetry Europe. of Trouvères in north and of Troubadours in south. III. _Period of Classic Scholasticism_, 1200–1453. 1200 Crusades at their height. 1200 The Mendicant Friars. _Classic Scholasticism._ 1200–1453 Commerce of Europe with (Thomas Aquinas, 1224–1274.) Asia begins to grow to large (Duns Scotus, 1270–1308.) proportions in countries on the (William of Ockam, Mediterranean. The Third Estate 1280–1349.) grows in strength, national governments prevail over the 1300–1453 The period is well feudal system. supplied with schools. 1350–1453 Deterioration of Scholasticism. CHAPTER XVI THE EARLY PERIOD OF THE MIDDLE AGES (476–1000)