Now at the beginning of the twentieth century there seems to be a reaction from the scientific positivism of the last century. This has taken the form of an extravagant mysticism, although at heart it is an optimism and an idealism. INDEX Abbott, E. A., _Francis Bacon_, 40 n. Absolute Reality, of Hegel, 314, 316, 321, 323–326, 328, 329. _See_ Reality. Absolutism, spirit of, in Germany, from 1648 to 1740, 217–223; in France, 217, 225; destroyed by Frederick the Great and Lessing, 225, 226, 228, 229. Æsthetic Idealism, of Schelling, 302, 304, 307. Agnosticism, of Hume, 188. Alchemists, the, 25. Alembert, Jean le Rond d’, 211. Althusius, Johannes, 47. America, discovery of, 6. Anacreonticists, the, 224. Analysis. _See_ Induction. Analytic judgments, of Kant, 249–252. Antinomies, of Kant, 264, 265. Antithesis, of Fichte, 295; of Hegel, 327. _A posteriori_, judgments, of Kant, 250–252; material, the perceptions, 257; principle, in ethics, 271, 272. _A priori_, judgments, of Kant, 250–252; principles, categories, 257, 271, 272. Archæus, the, of Paracelsus, 26, 27. Aristotle, represented by two antagonistic schools in the Renaissance, 11. Art, in Schelling’s philosophy, 308; and in Schopenhauer’s philosophy, 359. Association of Ideas, according to Hume, 191–193; by law of contiguity, 192–194; by law of resemblance, 192–196; by law of causation, 192, 193, 196–199. Associational Psychology, Hobbes the father of, 56. Associationalist Psychologists, 141. Astronomers, mathematical, 32–36. Atheistic controversy, of Fichte, 282, 284. Atoms, scientific conception of, examined by Leibnitz, 119, 120, 121. Attributes, according to Spinoza, 95, 96. _See_ Qualities. Auerbach, Berthold, _Spinoza_, 88 n. Autobiographies, many of them written in the Enlightenment, 137.