Eclecticism, revived by Renaissance scholars, 11. Edwards, Jonathan, 171. Ego, the, of Kant, 260, 263, 264; of Fichte, 288–295, 313; of Schelling, 304, 309; of Hegel, 313, 314. Empiricism, begun by Locke, 61; defined, 61 n.; in the Enlightenment, 137; of Berkeley, 174; of Hume, 189; of the nineteenth century, 355–357, 361, 362. Encyclopædists, the, of the Enlightenment, 142, 211, 212. England, in the Natural Science period, 17, 21, 31; the Natural Science movement in, 46; the Renaissance in, after Hobbes, 61; the Enlightenment in, 140, 145–147; comparison of the French Enlightenment with the Enlightenment in, 204, 205; influence of, in France, in the Enlightenment, 206, 207. Enlightenment, the, the second period of modern philosophy, 2, 3; general treatment of, 132–143; begins when the “new man” tries to understand his own nature, 132; the practical presupposition of, 134; the metaphysical presupposition of, 135; the problems of, 135–140; the period of empirical psychology, autobiographies, and Methodism, 137; a period of criticism, 138; a period of remarkable changes in the political map of Europe, 139; a comparison of, in England, France, and Germany, 140, 204, 205; the many groups of philosophers in, 140–143; birthplaces of influential thinkers of (map), 144; in Great Britain, 145–147; in France, 203–216; the situation in, in France, 203–206; the English influence in, in France, 206, 207; the two periods of, in France, 207, 208; the intellectual (Voltaire, Montesquieu, the Encyclopædists), 208–212; the social (Rousseau), 213–216; in Germany, 216–229; the introductory period (absolutism), 217–223; sources of, 218–223; the literary, in Germany, summary of, 223, 224; the political (Frederick the Great), 224–226; the course of, in Germany, 226–228; Lessing, 228, 229. Epicureanism, revived by Renaissance scholars, 11. Epistemology, of Locke, 155, 156, 158, 160–162; of Kant, 238, 239. _See_ Knowledge. Erdmann, J. E. on the Enlightenment, 133. Eternity, in Spinoza’s philosophy, 105, 106. Ethics of Spinoza, 102–106; of Hume, 200, 201; of Kant, 269–277. Eucken, Rudolf, _Problem of Human Life_, iv, 8 n., 23 n., 40 n., 47 n., 66 n., 84 n., 107 n., 147 n., 183 n., 203 n., ♦213 n., 236 n., 282 n., 300 n., 315 n., 340 n., 352 n. Evil, in Leibnitz’s philosophy, 130. Evolution, principle of, 3, 361, 362. Experience, contradictions of, according to Herbart, 334, 335. Extension, the essence of matter, according to Descartes, 77, 82; in Spinoza’s philosophy, 93, 95, 96, 102.