Knutzen, Martin, teacher of Kant, 234. Latin, before and in the Renaissance, 10–12. Leibnitz, G. W. von, 31; as the finisher of the Renaissance and the forerunner of the Enlightenment, 107, 108; life and writings of, 108–112; his early classical studies, 112, 113; the new science and his discoveries, 113, 114; influenced by political pressure for religious reconciliation, 114, 115; the method of, 115–118; the immediate problem for (that of reconciling science and religion), 118, 119; the result of his examination of the principles of science, a plurality of metaphysical substances, 119–122; his examination of the scientific conception of motion, 119, 120; his examination of the scientific conception of the atom, 120, 121; his theory of monadology, 121; the double nature of his monads, 122–125; the two forms of his conception of the unity of the substances, 125; the intrinsic (philosophical) unity of his monads, 125–129; the superimposed (theological) unity of his monads, 129–131; his toleration compared with that of Locke, 151; his philosophy, a source of the German Enlightenment, 220–223; his philosophy developed and transformed by Wolff and Thomasius, 221–223; Lessing and Herder as interpreters of, 228; appears, through Lessing, as a motive power in German Enlightenment, 229. Leibnitz-Wolffian philosophy, 221–223, 231; influenced Kant, 233, 234. Lessing, G. E., and Spinoza, connection of, 85; helped save Germany from a political revolution, 226–228; gave the death-blow to pedantic absolutism, 228; German literature begins with, 228; as interpreter of Leibnitz, 228; his philosophy, 229. Life, in Leibnitz’s philosophy, 128. Locke, John, his _Essay on the Human Understanding_ marks the transition from the Renaissance to the Enlightenment, 2–4; his general position in the history of philosophy, 145–147; his life and writings, 147–150; the sources of his thought, 150–153; his Puritan ancestry, 150; his training in tolerance, 150, 151; the scientific influence on, 151, 152; the political influence on, 152, 153; the purpose of, 153–155; two sides of his philosophy, 155–158; and scholasticism, 156, 157; his psychology, 157–160; his epistemology, 155, 156, 158, 160–162; his practical philosophy, 162, 163; the influence of, 163, 164; general relation of Berkeley to, 174, 175; Berkeley’s points of agreement with, 175, 176. Logic, in the latter part of the Middle Ages, studied for its own sake, 4; in Hegel’s philosophy, 323, 328. London, new religious centre in the Renaissance, 12; becomes an intellectual centre about the time of the publication of Locke’s _Essay_, 206. Lotze, R. H., 359. Louis XIV, French King, 203. Louis XV, French King,