CHAPTER IV. THE NATURAL SCIENCE PERIOD OF THE RENAISSANCE (1600–1690) 31 THE PHILOSOPHERS OF THE NATURAL SCIENCE PERIOD 31 THE MATHEMATICAL ASTRONOMERS 32 GALILEO GALILEI (1564–1641) 36 THE LIFE OF FRANCIS BACON, BARON VERULAM (1561–1626) 39 THE POSITION OF BACON IN PHILOSOPHY 39 THE AIM OF BACON 42 THE METHOD OF BACON 43 (a) _Bacon’s Criticism of the Past_ 44 (b) _Bacon’s Positive Construction_ 45 THE ENGLISH NATURAL SCIENCE MOVEMENT 46 THOMAS HOBBES AND HIS CONTEMPORARIES 47 THE LIFE AND WRITINGS OF HOBBES (1588–1679) 49 1. As a Classical Scholar (1588–1628) 49 2. As Mathematician (1628–1638) 49 3. As Philosopher (1638–1651) 50 4. As Controversialist (1651–1668) 50 5. As Classical Scholar (1668–1679) 50 THE INFLUENCES UPON THE THOUGHT OF HOBBES 50 1. His Premature Birth 50 2. His Father 51 3. The New Mathematical Science 52 THE FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLE IN THE TEACHING OF HOBBES 52 THE METHOD OF HOBBES 54 THE KINDS OF BODIES 55 HOBBES’S APPLICATION OF THE MATHEMATICAL THEORY TO PSYCHOLOGY 56 HOBBES’S APPLICATION OF THE MATHEMATICAL THEORY TO POLITICS 58 THE RENAISSANCE IN ENGLAND AFTER HOBBES 61