TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES: —Obvious print and punctuation errors were corrected. —Bold text has been rendered as =bold text=. —Subscripts have been rendered as in this chemical formula: H_{2}O A BEGINNER’S PSYCHOLOGY [Illustration: LOGO] THE MACMILLAN COMPANY NEW YORK · BOSTON · CHICAGO · DALLAS ATLANTA · SAN FRANCISCO MACMILLAN & CO., LIMITED LONDON · BOMBAY · CALCUTTA MELBOURNE THE MACMILLAN CO. OF CANADA, LTD. TORONTO A BEGINNER’S PSYCHOLOGY BY EDWARD BRADFORD TITCHENER New York THE MACMILLAN COMPANY 1915 _All rights reserved_ COPYRIGHT, 1915, BY THE MACMILLAN COMPANY. Set up and electrotyped. Published December, 1915. Norwood Press J. S. Cushing Co.—Berwick & Smith Co. Norwood, Mass., U.S.A. To THE MEMORY OF THOMAS HENRY HUXLEY PREFACE It is an acknowledged fact that we perceive errors in the work of others more readily than in our own.—LEONARDO DA VINCI IN this Beginner’s Psychology I have tried to write, as nearly as might be, the kind of book that I should have found useful when I was beginning my own study of psychology. That was nearly thirty years ago; and I read Bain, and the Mills, and Spencer, and Rabier, and as much of Wundt as a struggling acquaintance with German would allow. Curiously enough, it was a paragraph in James Mill, most unpsychological of psychologists, that set me on the introspective track,—though many years had to pass before I properly understood what had put him off it. A book like this would have saved me a great deal of labour and vexation of spirit. Nowadays, of course, there are many introductions to psychology, and the beginner has a whole library of text-books to choose from. Still, they are of varying merit; and, what is perhaps more important, their temperamental appeal is diverse.