We acknowledge the existence of each other to be unquestionable, and
when called upon for evidence on which this acknowledgment is founded
allege that of our senses; yet it can by no means be affirmed with
truth that our senses discern immediately any man. We see, indeed, a
form, and we hear a voice communicating to us the thoughts, emotions,
and volitions of an intelligent being. Yet it is intuitively certain
that neither the form, the motions, the actions, the voice, the
thoughts, nor the volitions are that intelligent being, or the living,
acting, thinking thing which we call man. On the contrary, they are
merely effects of which that living, active, acting thing denominated
by the word man is the cause. The existence of the cause, or, in other
language, of the man, we conclude from the effects which he thus
produces. In the same manner, and with the like certainty, we discover
the existence of God.
In the universe without us, and in the little world within us, we
perceive a great variety of effects produced by some cause adequate to
their production. Thus the motions of the heart, arteries, veins, and
other vessels; of the blood and other juices; of the tongue, the
hands, and other members; the perceptions of the senses and the
actions of the mind; the storm, the lightning, the volcano, and the
earthquake; the reviviscence and growth of the vegetable world; the
diffusion of light and the motions of the planetary system--are all
effects, and effects of a cause adequate to their production. This
cause is God, or a being possessed of intelligence and power
sufficient to contrive and bring them to pass. He, with evidence from
reason equally clear with the testimony of the Scriptures, thundereth
marvelously with his voice, holdeth the winds in his fists, sendeth
lightnings with rain, looketh on the earth and it trembleth, toucheth
the hills and they smoke, melteth the mountains like wax at his
presence, causeth the outgoings of the morning and the evening to
rejoice, and maketh his sun to rise on the evil and the good. Him also
we are bound to praise, because we are fearfully and wonderfully made
by him. Our substance was not hid from him when we were made in
secret. His eyes saw our substance, yet being imperfect, and in his
book all our members were written, which in continuance were fashioned
by him, when as yet there was none of them. He also breathed into our
nostrils the breath of life, and the inspiration of the Almighty hath
given us understanding. Should it be said that these are the natural
and necessary results of certain inherent powers of matter and mind,
and therefore demand no extrinsic agency, I answer that this objection
affects the conclusion only by removing it one step further back in
the course of reasoning. That matter should have possessed these
powers eternally without exerting them is impossible, and that it
should have exerted them from eternity is equally impossible. It then
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