A Biographical Dictionary of Freethinkers of All Ages and NationsWheeler, J. M. (Joseph Mazzini)
Religion
A Biographical Dictionary of Freethinkers of All Ages and Nations
Wheeler, J. M. (Joseph Mazzini)
Free thought -- Biography
Forlong (James George Roche). Major General, H.B.A., b. Lanarkshire,
Scotland, Nov. 1824. Educated as an engineer, joined the Indian
army '43, fought in the S. Mahrata campaign '45-6, and in the second
Burmese war. On the annexation of Barma he became head of the Survey,
Roads and canal branches. In '58-9 he travelled extensively through
Egypt, Palestine, Turkey, Greece, Italy, Spain, etc. From '61-71 was
a superintending engineer of Calcutta, and in Upper Bengal, North-west
Provinces, and Rajputana, and '72-76 was Secretary and Chief Engineer
to the Government of Oudh. He retired in '77 after an active service of
33 years, during which he frequently received the thanks of the Indian
and Home Governments. In his youth he was an active Evangelical,
preaching to the natives in their own tongues. He has, however,
given his testimony that during his long experience he has known no
one converted solely by force of reasoning or "Christian evidences." A
great student of Eastern religions, archæology, and languages, he has
written in various periodicals of the East and West, and has embodied
the result of many years researches in two illustrated quarto volumes
called Rivers of Life, setting forth the evolution of all religions
from their radical objective basis to their present spiritualised
developments. In an elaborate chart he shows by streams of color the
movements of thought from 10,000 B.C. to the present time.
Fourier (François Marie Charles), French socialist, b. Besançon, 7
April, 1772. He passed some of the early years of his life as a common
soldier. His numerous works amid much that is visionary have valuable
criticisms upon society, and suggestions for its amelioration. He
believed in the transmigration of souls. Died at Paris, 8 Oct. 1837.
Fox (William Johnson), orator and political writer, b. near Wrentham,
Suffolk, 1786. Intended for the Congregational Ministry, he became
a Unitarian, and for many years preached at South Place, Finsbury,
where he introduced the plan of taking texts from other books
besides the Bible. One of his first published sermons was on behalf of
toleration for Deists at the time of the Carlile prosecutions 1819. He
gradually advanced from the acceptance of miracles to their complete
rejection. During the Anti-Corn Law agitation he was a frequent
and able speaker. In 1847 he became M.P. for Oldham, and retained
his seat until his retirement in '61. He was a prominent worker for
Radicalism, contributing to the Westminster Review, Weekly Dispatch,
and Daily News. For some years he edited the Monthly Repository. His
works, which include spirited Lectures to the Working Classes, and a
philosophical statement of Religions Ideas, were published in twelve
volumes, '65-68. Died 3 June, 1864.
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