Isoard Delisle (Jean Baptiste Claude), called also Delisle de Sales, French man of letters, b. Lyons 1743. When young he entered the Congregation of the Oratory, but left theology for literature. In 1769 he published the Philosophy of Nature, which in 1771 was discovered to be irreligious, and he was condemned to perpetual banishment. While in prison he was visited by many of the philosophers, and a subscription was opened for him, to which Voltaire gave five hundred francs. He went to the court of Frederick the Great, and subsequently published many works of little importance. Died at Paris 22 Sept. 1816. Jacob (Andre Alexandre). See Erdan (A.) Jacobson (Augustus), American, author of Why I do not Believe, Chicago 1881, and The Bible Inquirer. "Jacobus (Dom)" Pseudonym of Potvin (Charles) q.v. Jacoby (Leopold) German author of The Idea of Development. 2 vols. Berlin 1874-76. Jacolliot (Louis), French orientalist, b. Saint Etienne, 1806. Brought up to the law, in '43 he was made judge at Pondichery. He first aroused attention by his work, The Bible in India, '70. He also has written on Genesis of Humanity, '76. The Religions Legislators, Moses, Manu and Muhammad, '80, and The Natural and Social History of Humanity, '84, and several works of travel. Jantet (Charles and Hector), two doctors of Lyons, b. the first in 1826, the second in '28, have published together able Aperçus Philosophiques on Rènan's Life of Jesus, '64, and Doctrine Medicale Matérialiste, 1866. Jaucourt (Louis de), Chevalier, French scholar and member of the Royal Society of London and of the academies of Berlin and Stockholm, b. Paris 27 Sept. 1704. He studied at Geneva, Cambridge, and Leyden, furnished the Encyclopédie with many articles, and conducted the Bibliothèque Raisonnée. Died at Compiègne, 3 Feb. 1779. Jefferies (Richard), English writer, b. 1848, famous for his descriptions of nature in The Gamekeeper at Home, Wild Life in a Southern Country, etc. In his autobiographical Story of My Heart (1883) Mr. Jefferies shows himself a thorough Freethinker. Died Goring-on-Thames, 14 Aug. 1887.