Passerano (Alberto Radicati di) count. Italian philosopher of last century, attached to the court of Victor Amedée II. For some pamphlets written against the Papal power he was pursued by the Inquisition and his goods seized. He lived in England and made the acquaintance of Collins, also in France and Holland, where he died about 1736, leaving his goods to the poor. In that year he published at Rotterdam Recueil de Pièces curieuses sur les matieres les plus íntéressantes, etc., which contains a Parallel between Mahomet and Sosem (anagram of Moses), an abridged history of the Sacerdotal Profession, and a Faithful and comic recital of the religion of modern cannibals, by Zelin Moslem; also a Dissertation upon Death, which was published separately in 1733. The Recueil was republished at London in 1749. He also wrote a pretended translation from an Arabic work on Mohammedanism, satirising the Bible, and a pretended sermon by Elwall the Quaker. Pasteur (Louis). French scientist b. Dôle, 27 Dec 1822, became doctor in '47 and professor of physic at Strassburg in '48. He received the Rumford medal of the Royal Society in '56 for his discoveries in polarisation and molecular chemistry. Decorated with the Legion of honor in '53, he was made commander '68 and grand officer '78. His researches into innoculation have been much contested, but his admirers have raised a large institute for the prosecution of his treatment. He was elected to the Academy as successor of Littré. He gave his name as Vice-President of the British Secular Union. Pastoret (Claude Emmanuel Joseph Pierre de), Marquis, French statesman and writer, b. of noble family at Marseilles, 25 Oct. 1756. Educated by the Oratorians at Lyons, in 1779 he published an Elege de Voltaire. By his works on Zoroaster, Confucius and Mahomet (1787) and on Moses Considered as Legislator and Moralist (1788) he did something for the infant science of comparative religion. His principal work is a learned History of Legislation, in 11 vols. (1817-37), in which he passes in review all the ancient codes. He embraced the Revolution, and became President of the Legislative Assembly (3 Oct. 1791). He proposed the erection of the Column of July on the Place of the Bastille, and the conversion of the church of Ste Geneviève into the Pantheon. On the 19th June, 1792, he presented a motion for the complete separation of the state from religion. He fled during the Terror, but returned as deputy in 1795. In 1820 he succeeded his friend Volney as member of the French Academy, in '23 received the cross of the Legion of Honor, and in '29 became Chancellor of France. Died at Paris, 28 Sept. 1840. Pater (Walter Horatio), English writer, b. London, 4 Aug. 1839. B.A. at Oxford in '62, M.A. in '65. Has written charming essays in the Westminster Review, Macmillan, and the Fortnightly Review. In '73 he published The Renaissance, and in '85 Marius the Epicurean, His Sensations and Ideas.