Dubuisson (Paul Ulrich), French dramatist and revolutionary, b. Lauat, 1746. A friend of Cloots he suffered with him on the scaffold, 24 March, 1794. Dubuisson (Paul), living French Positivist, author of Grand Types of Humanity. Du Chatelet Lomont. See Chastelet. Duclos (Charles Pinot), witty French writer, b. Dinan, 12 Feb. 1704. He was admitted into the French Academy, 1747 and became its secretary, 1755. A friend of Diderot and d'Alembert. His Considerations sur les Moeurs is still a readable work. Died 27 March, 1772. Ducos (Jean François), French Girondist, b. Bordeaux in 1765. Elected to the Legislative Assembly, he, on the 26th Oct. 1791, demanded the complete separation of the State from religion. He shared the fate of the Girondins, 31 Oct. 1793, crying with his last breath, "Vive la Republique!" Du Deffand (Marie), Marchioness, witty literary Frenchwoman, b. 1697. Chamfort relates that when young and in a convent she preached irreligion to her young comrades. The abbess called in Massillon, to whom the little sceptic gave her reasons. He went away saying "She is charming." Her house in Paris was for fifty years the resort of eminent authors and statesmen. She corresponded for many years with Horace Walpole, D'Alembert and Voltaire. Many anecdotes are told of her; thus, to the Cardinal de Polignac, who spoke of the miracle of St. Denis walking when beheaded, she said "Il n'y a que le premier pas qui coûte." Died 24 Sept. 1780. To the curé of Saint Sulpice, who came to her death-bed, she said "Ni questions, ni raisons, ni sermons." Larousse calls her "Belle, instruite, spirituelle mais sceptique et materialiste." Dudgeon (William), a Berwickshire Deist, whose works were published (privately printed at Edinburgh) in 1765. Dudnevant (A. L. A. Dupin), Baroness. See Sand (Georges). Duehring (Eugen Karl), German writer, b. Berlin, 12 Jan. 1833; studied law. He has, though blind, written many works on science and political economy, also a Critical History of Philosophy, '69-78, and Science Revolutionized, '78. In Oct. 1879, his death was maliciously reported. Dulaure (Jacques Antoine), French archæologist and historian, b. Clermont-Ferrand, 3 Dec. 1755. In 1788-90 he published six volumes of a description of France. He wrote many pamphlets, including one on the private lives of ecclesiastics. Elected to the Convention in 1792, he voted for the death of the King. Proscribed as a Girondist, Sept. 1793, he fled to Switzerland. He was one of the Council of Five Hundred, 1796-98. Dulaure wrote a learned Treatise on Superstitions, but he is best known by his History of Paris, and his Short History of Different Worships, 1825, in which he deals with ancient fetishism and phallic worship. Died Paris, 9 Aug. 1835.