The majority of the brown fish-owls (_Ketupa ceylonensis_) and rock horned-owls (_Bubo bengalensis_) are sitting; a few of them are feeding young birds. The dusky horned-owls (_B. coromandus_) have either finished breeding or are tending nestlings. In addition to the nests of the above-mentioned owls those of the collared scops owl (_Scops bakkamaena_) and the mottled wood-owl (_Syrnium ocellatum_) are likely to be found at this season of the year. The scops is a small owl with aigrettes or "horns," the wood-owl is a large bird without aigrettes. Both nest in holes in trees and lay white eggs after the manner of their kind. The scops owl breeds from January till April, while February and March are the months in which to look for the eggs of the wood-owl. In the western districts of the United Provinces the Indian cliff-swallows (_Hirundo fluvicola_) are beginning to construct their curious nests. Here and there a pair of blue rock-pigeons (_Colombia intermedia_) is busy with eggs or young ones. In the Punjab the ravens are likewise employed. The nesting season of the hoopoe has now fairly commenced. Courtship is the order of the day. The display of this beautiful species is not at all elaborate. The bird that "shows off" merely runs along the ground with corona fully expanded. Mating hoopoes, however, perform strange antics in the air; they twist and turn and double, just as a flycatcher does when chasing a fleet insect. Both the hoopoe and the roller are veritable aerial acrobats. By the end of the month all but a few of the hoopoes have begun to nest; most of them have eggs, while the early birds, described in January as stealing a march on their brethren, are feeding their offspring. The 6th February is the earliest date on which the writer has observed a hoopoe carrying food to the nest; that was at Ghazipur. March and April are the months in which the majority of coppersmiths or crimson-breasted barbets rear up their families. Some, however, are already working at their nests. The eggs are hatched in a cavity in a tree--a cavity made by means of the bird's bill. Both sexes take part in nest construction. A neatly-cut circular hole, about the size of a rupee, on the lower surface or the side of a branch is assuredly the entrance to the nest of a coppersmith, a green barbet, or a woodpecker. As the month draws to its close many a pair of nuthatches (_Sitta castaneiventris_) may be observed seeking for a hollow in which to nestle. The site selected is usually a small hole in the trunk of a mango tree that has weathered many monsoons. The birds reduce the orifice of the cavity to a very small size by plastering up the greater part of it with mud. Hence the nest of the nuthatch, unless discovered when in course of construction, is difficult to locate.