BATTLE, LAW OF, vii, 4; its relation to roads and bridges, see sections i and ii of Chapter I; permanent among the lower animals, 17, 18; perhaps it may become less troublesome among men, 18, 19; its action in the rise and fall of civilizations, 22, 23; its rule in civil life is inferior to Nature’s beautiful order in her cellular commonwealths, 19, 25, 40-3; yet sentimentalists believe in the illusion called peace and do infinite harm by their canting hostility to national defence, 33, 34, 35, 351, 360-1; see also the last chapter on the evolution of unfortified bridges. BAUDOUIN, the Elector, in 1344, built the Moselle Bridge at Coblentz, 260. BAVARIA, bridge over the Main at Würzburg, 259-60. BEAUCAIRE, PONT DE, a great suspension bridge, 344-5. BEAVERS, their great intelligence, 110; much human work in bridge-building has shown less intelligence than that which we find in the beaver’s contests against running water, 131. BECKER, his views on the bridges in ancient Rome, 193. BECKET, ST. THOMAS À, the Gothic chapel on Old London Bridge was dedicated to him, 216. BEDDOES, MR. THOMAS, traveller and trader in Equatorial Central Africa, his remarks on tree-bridges made by the natives, 123; and on other primitive bridges, 148-9. BEDFORD BRIDGE, her old chapel, now destroyed, 231. BEEHIVE TOMBS at Mycenae, 158-9. BEES, their intelligence, 110. BEFFARA, a French architect, in 1752 builds a very remarkable bridge near Ardres, in the Pas-de-Calais, 305-6. BELGIUM, the Jeanne d’Arc of nations, 34 _footnote_; her old bastille bridges, 289-91. BELLE CROIX, THE, formerly on the old bridge at Orléans, 246-7. BENEDICT XIII, expelled from Avignon, 239. BÉNÉZET, SAINT, his bridge at Avignon. Frontispiece, 81, 82, 83, 236-9; parallel bands of stone in the vaults of the arches, 81, 82, 83; perhaps Bénézet had some correspondence with Peter Colechurch, who began Old London Bridge, 217; the line of his bridge made an elbow pointing upstream, 237, 297; in a bird’s-eye view the design looks like a bridge of boats, 262, 297; Bénézet died before his work was finished, and was buried in the chapel on his bridge, 236; see also the footnote on 280. BÉRANGER, CHARLES, French publisher, his excellent books on bridges, 318-19. BERMUDEZ, CEAN, quoted by George Edmund Street, 286. BERNINI, GIOVANNI L. (1598-1680), his sculpture for the Ponte Sant’ Angelo in Rome, 195; this sculpture is a burden to the bridge rather than a beauty to it, 324. BERWICK-ON-TWEED, its mediæval bridge fell many times, 49. BESILLIS, SIR PERIS, helps to build the bridge at Abingdon, 252. BÉZIERS, its twelfth-century bridge, 92. BHUTAN, India, its primitive timber bridges with defensive gateways, 73, 272-3.