The construction of huts in the fashion described was derived by the Irish from the original population of the isle, the people who erected the rude stone monuments. A traveller in Gilead and Moab will find precisely similar collections of hovels, similarly surrounded with walls of unhewn blocks, and associated, as in Ireland, with cromlechs and cairns and menhirs, the relics of the same prehistoric race which through long centuries, and after long journeys to new lands, continued to build houses, erect camps, and set up monuments to their dead in Ireland, Wales, Scotland, Cornwall, and Northern Africa precisely as they did in Central Asia and in Palestine. A mysterious people that never advanced in the art of building, but clung tenaciously, as the bee, the bird, the spider, and the ant, to traditional usage in the structure of their dwellings, and which clung with like tenacity to the cult of ancestors. It came out of Asia with polished stone weapons, and only slowly accepted, as foreign importations, axes and swords and personal ornaments, made of bronze. Certainly these were the most conservative people that ever overran Europe; and possibly that clinging to old institutions, that aversion to change, which brought ruin on the Welsh cause, may have been due to the large admixture of Iberian blood in the Cymric veins. Take the Welshman of the present day. In his politics he is a Liberal, but in his bent of mind, in his mode of life, in his social relations, he is the most conservative of men. This tenacity to what is old and customary is a valuable asset; it counterbalances the volatile and experimental tendency to adopt every novelty, and wreck every institution to supplant it with what is new and untried, but which is loud in promise. It may be, it probably is the case, that there is much of this immobility in the English race. It is because of this that the American and German are beating us in manufacture and commerce, and if we are ever routed in the field, it will be due to the clot of it that has settled in our War Office not having been expelled. CHAPTER V BANGOR AND CARNARVON Foundation of Bangor--Madog the Fox--The cathedral--Owen Gwynedd--Visit of Archbishop Baldwin--“Lazy-tongs”--Llanidan--Shrine of S. Nidan--Curious phenomenon of the filling stoup--Bust of Edwen--Llanfair--Owen Tudor--The fable of the Welsh pot-girl--Carnarvon--Elen the Road-maker--Maximus--Edward of Carnarvon--Hugh the Fat and Hugh the Wolf--Plas Newydd--Cromlechs--Destruction of prehistoric monuments--The cult of the dead--Llanddwyn--Story of Dwynwen--The holy well--Curious offering in the porch--Penrhyn quarries--Names of slates--Albert Davies--The Hirlas Horn--Lakes--Marchlyn.