“I thither went With _inexperienc’d_ thought, and laid me down On the green bank, to look into the _clear_ Smooth _lake_, that to me seem’d another sky.” Here the words _inexperienced_ and _clear_ give variety to the sameness of the English words. --Gray, in the Elegy, has this verse:-- “The breezy call of _incense_-breathing morn, The swallow twittering from the straw-built shed, The cock’s shrill _clarion_ or the _echoing_ horn, No more shall rouse them from their lowly bed.” Here _incense_, _clarion_, and _echoing_ give a vivid colouring to the plainer hues of the homely English phrases. --Tennyson, in the Lotos-Eaters, vi., writes:-- “Dear is the _memory_ of our wedded lives, And dear the last _embraces_ of our wives And their warm tears: but all hath _suffer’d_ _change_; For _surely_ now our household hearths are cold: Our sons _inherit_ us: our looks are _strange_: And we should come like ghosts to _trouble_ _joy_.” Most powerful is the introduction of the French words _suffered change_, _inherit_, _strange_, and _trouble joy_; for they give with painful force the contrast of the present state of desolation with the homely rest and happiness of the old abode, the love of the loving wives, the faithfulness of the stalwart sons. 47. +English and other Doublets.+-- We have already seen how, by the presentation of the same word at two different doors-- the door of Latin and the door of French-- we are in possession of a considerable number of doublets. But this phenomenon is not limited to Latin and French-- is not solely due to the contributions we receive from these languages. We find it also +within+ English itself; and causes of the most different description bring about the same results. For various reasons, the English language is very rich in doublets. It possesses nearly five hundred pairs of such words. The language is all the richer for having them, as it is thereby enabled to give fuller and clearer expression to the different shades and delicate varieties of meaning in the mind. 48. +The sources of doublets+ are various. But five different causes seem chiefly to have operated in producing them. They are due to differences of +pronunciation+; to differences in +spelling+; to +contractions+ for convenience in daily speech; to differences in +dialects+; and to the fact that many of them come from +different languages+. Let us look at a few examples of each. At bottom, however, all these differences will be found to resolve themselves into +differences of pronunciation+. They are either differences in the pronunciation of the same word by different tribes, or by men in different counties, who speak different dialects; or by men of different nations.