Afterwards Lieut.-General Feilden, C.M.G., died 1895. Footnote 42: Now Field-Marshal Viscount Wolseley, K.P., etc. PART III.—1871–1902. VII. 1871–1881.—INDIA. AFGHAN WAR. SOUTH AFRICA. ZULU WAR. FIRST BOER WAR. The overwhelming defeat of the French Armies by the German troops in the momentous war of 1870–71 brought about vast changes in military Europe. A system of compulsory service on the German model was introduced by all the great nations of Europe—Great Britain excepted—and German drill, German style of uniform, and German methods were generally adopted. In England a strong wave of pro-German feeling swept over the British Army, and military critics advocated the methodical system of the German Army with its stern unbending discipline and exacting method of machine-like _collectivism_, to the destruction of the elasticity and rapidity of movement, with the self-reliance and initiative which makes for _individualism_. The spirit of the 60th stood out, and did much to counteract this tendency, and to bring about the re-action. [Sidenote: 1878–1880, AFGHAN WAR.] In the autumn of 1878 the 2nd Battalion, commanded in the absence of Lieutenant-Colonel J. J. Collins by Major Cromer Ashburnham, was quartered at Meerut, and formed part of the 1st Brigade, 1st Division, under _Lieutenant-General Sir Donald Stewart_, which, upon the outbreak of the Afghan War, was directed upon Kandahar. After a trying march of 440 miles (one day thirty miles across the desert without a man falling out) Kandahar was occupied without resistance on the 8th of January, 1879. In the following September there was a rising of the Afghans at Kabul, and the British envoy and his escort were massacred. An advance upon Kabul, the necessary retort to such an outrage, was accordingly made by two columns, and after severe fighting Kabul was occupied by _Lieut.-General Sir Frederick Roberts_.[43] [Sidenote: April 19th, 1880, AHMAD KHEL.]