A brief outline of the history of librariesLipsius, Justus
History
A brief outline of the history of libraries
Lipsius, Justus
Libraries -- History -- To 400
Athenaeus, we see, calls them philosophers; but Strabo uses the more
general phrase, “men of letters and savants;” and no doubt scholars
of every sort were admitted. Strabo puts special stress on the word
“men,” showing that boys and youths and those beginning their studies
were not taught in the Museum, as they would be in a similar place
to-day; but that admittance was rather a reward for erudition already
attained, an honour rightly earned. At Athens, following a similar
custom, those who deserved the honour were supported in the Prytaneum
at public expense.
What think you of that, O Prince of to-day? Does not the wish rise
within you to establish again this noble custom?
Continuing Strabo’s account of the Museum: he says a priest was
appointed to manage its affairs, who was selected by the kings or
emperors. The position must have been of great dignity, and one which
it was thought the emperor himself should fill. One may ask if the
emperor did not appoint all the officials? Philostratus seems to
imply that he did, when he says, speaking of Dionysius the sophist,
“The Emperor Hadrian appointed him satrap or governor of many people,
and named those who should receive public honours, and those also
who should be maintained at public expense in the Museum.” Again,
speaking of Polemon, he says, “Hadrian made him a member of the
Museum, where he lived at public expense.” Let me add that, though
I have not so indicated in my translation, Philostratus uses in the
phrase I have quoted a word meaning “circle,” from which it would
seem that members were admitted in a certain order and in proper
turn, some even being chosen before any vacancy had occurred. These
no doubt waited in confidence and entered in due course, in the order
of their appointment. A like custom prevails to-day among princes in
conferring favours.
Athenaeus throws light on this matter of appointments to the Museum
by the emperor when he says that a certain poet, Pancrates, very
cleverly praised Hadrian’s favourite, Antinous, and that the emperor,
delighted with the subtle flattery, ordered the poet to be supported
free of expense at the Museum.
So much for the reports of Strabo and others on the Museum and its
management.
Let me add that the inmates of the Museum by no means lived
therein an idle and useless life (how could they, being men who
were dedicated, as it were, to public service?), but were diligent
in writing, in arguing, and reciting their own works. Spartianus
testifies to this in his remark about Hadrian, to the effect that he
propounded questions to the savants in the Museum at Alexandria, and
in turn answered those they presented to him.
Let me note that Suetonius says that the Emperor Claudius added a
second Museum to the original one and ordered that certain books be
read there every day, and
I close,
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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