A BRIEF SUMMARY, IN PLAIN LANGUAGE, OF THE MOST IMPORTANT LAWS CONCERNING WOMEN; TOGETHER WITH A FEW OBSERVATIONS THEREON. BY BARBARA LEIGH SMITH. SECOND EDITION, REVISED WITH ADDITIONS. LONDON: HOLYOAKE AND CO., 147, FLEET STREET. * * * * * 1856. PRICE THREEPENCE. LAWS CONCERNING WOMEN. LEGAL CONDITION OF UNMARRIED WOMEN OR SPINSTERS. [Sidenote: A single woman.] A single woman has the same rights to property, to protection from the law, and has to pay the same taxes to the State, as a man. [Sidenote: No political franchise.] Yet a woman of the age of twenty-one, having the requisite property qualifications, cannot vote in elections for members of Parliament. [Sidenote: Has a parochial vote.] A woman duly qualified can vote upon parish questions, and for parish officers, overseers, surveyors, vestry clerks, etc. [Sidenote: Heiress.] If her father or mother die _intestate_ (_i.e._, without a will) she takes an equal share with her brothers and sisters of the personal property (_i.e._, goods, chattels, moveables, leases for years of houses or land), but her eldest brother, if she have one, and his children, even daughters, will take the _real_ property (_i.e._, not personal property, but all other, as freehold houses and land, etc.), as the heir-at-law; males and their issue being preferred to females; if, however, she have sisters only, then all the sisters take the real property equally. If she be an only child, and no parent surviving, she is entitled to all the intestate real and personal property. [Sidenote: No public employments.] The church and nearly all offices under government are closed to women. The Post Office affords some little employment to them; but there is no important office which they can hold, with the single exception of that of Sovereign. The professions of law and medicine,[1] whether or not closed by law, are closed in fact. They may engage in trade, and may occupy inferior situations, such as matron of a charity, sextoness of a church, and a few parochial offices are open to them. Women are occasionally governors of prisons for women, overseers of the poor, and parish clerks. A woman may be ranger of a park; a woman can take part in the government of a great empire by buying East India Stock. [Sidenote: Domestic servant.] A servant and a master or mistress are bound by a verbal or written agreement. [Sidenote: Seduction.] If a woman is seduced, she has no remedy against the seducer; nor has her father, excepting as he is considered in law as being her master and she his servant, and the seducer as having deprived him of her services. These are the only special laws concerning single women: the law speaks of men only, but women are affected by all the laws, and incur the same responsibilities in all their contracts and doings as men. LAWS CONCERNING MARRIED WOMEN. [Sidenote: Marriage.]