A British Rifle Man: The Journals and Correspondence of Major George Simmons, Rifle Brigade, During the Peninsular War and the Campaign of Waterloo — John Shaqi
A British Rifle Man: The Journals and Correspondence of Major George Simmons, Rifle Brigade, During the Peninsular War and the Campaign of WaterlooSimmons, George
History
A British Rifle Man: The Journals and Correspondence of Major George Simmons, Rifle Brigade, During the Peninsular War and the Campaign of Waterloo
Simmons, George
Peninsular War, 1807-1814; Waterloo, Battle of, Waterloo, Belgium, 1815
But although the regiment was composed of three battalions, it never
mustered more than seventeen companies in the Peninsula, and at
Waterloo only fourteen were present. It took its share not only in
the general actions, sieges, and stormings in common with the other
regiments, but also was constantly engaged in innumerable "affairs,"
as they are styled, which caused an unceasing drain on its strength—a
drain from which regiments belonging to other Divisions were usually
exempt. The reason for this was that the Light Brigade, or, as it was
subsequently styled, the Light Division, was used during the campaigns
in the Peninsula as a permanent covering or outpost force. Thus in 1810
it acted as a Corps of Observation on the Coa, far in advance of the
rest of the army, and took part in the affairs of Barba del Puerco,
Gallegos, etc., as well as in the severe fighting at the Combat of the
Coa, at which no other troops were engaged. Again, in 1811, Craufurd's
Brigade formed the advanced guard in the pursuit of Massena, and hence
was constantly in collision with the enemy.
These events are well described by Simmons, and it will be seen that a
similar condition of affairs prevailed in the subsequent campaigns of
1812-14. The normal strength of an infantry battalion in the Peninsula
was ten companies, and whilst noting that the 95th Rifles had the great
advantage of having three battalions in the field, which naturally gave
them a greater chance than others of seeing fighting, it is only fair
to remember that there were usually only from fifteen to seventeen
companies, and _not_ thirty, as is commonly supposed.
Several regiments had two battalions serving in the Peninsula, and
hence were as strong numerically as the Rifles.
The "Baker" rifle, with which the regiment was armed, was in every
sense an arm of precision up to 300 yards, and at ranges of 400 and
500 yards it was possible to hit a mark with it. This alone gave
the Riflemen an immense advantage over their comrades armed with
smooth-bore muskets, and, as proved by the experiments at Woolwich,
it was greatly superior to the rifles of Continental and American
manufacture in use at the time.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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