[318] Louis Bertrand Castel (1688-1757), most of whose life was spent in trying to perfect his _Clavecin oculaire_, an instrument on the order of the harpsichord, intended to produce melodies and harmonies of color. He also wrote _L'Optique des couleurs_ (1740) and _Sur le fond de la Musique_ (1754). [319] Dr. Robinson (1680-1754) was professor of physic at Trinity College, Dublin, and three times president of King and Queen's College of Physicians. In his _Treatise on the Animal Economy_ (1732-3, with a third edition in 1738) he anticipated the discoveries of Lavoisier and Priestley on the nature of oxygen. [320] There was another edition, published at London in 1747, 8vo. [321] The author seems to have shot his only bolt in this work. I can find nothing about him. [322] _Quod Deus sit, mundusque ab ipso creatus fuerit in tempore, ejusque providentia gubernetur. Selecta aliquot theoremata adversos atheos_, etc., Paris, 1635, 4to. [323] The British Museum Catalogue mentions a copy of 1740, but this is possibly a misprint. [324] This was Johann II (1710-1790), son of Johann I, who succeeded his father as professor of mathematics at Basel. [325] Samuel Koenig (1712-1757), who studied under Johann Bernoulli I. He became professor of mathematics at Franeker (1747) and professor of philosophy at the Hague (1749). [326] "In accordance with the hypotheses laid down in this memoir it is so evident that t must = 34, y = 1, and z = 1, that there is no need of proof or authority for it to be recognized by every one." [327] "I subscribe to the judgment of Mr. Bernoulli as a result of these hypotheses." [328] "It clearly appears from my present analysis and demonstration that they have already recognized and perfectly agreed to the fact that the quadrature of the circle is mathematically demonstrated." [329] Dr. Knight (died in 1772) made some worthy contributions to the literature of the mariner's compass. As De Morgan states, he was librarian of the British Museum. [330] Sir Anthony Panizzi (1797-1879) fled from Italy under sentence of death (1822). He became assistant (1831) and chief (1856) librarian of the British Museum, and was knighted in 1869. He began the catalogue of printed books of the Museum. [331] Wright (1711-1786) was a physicist. He was offered the professorship of mathematics at the Imperial Academy of St. Petersburg but declined to accept it. This work is devoted chiefly to the theory of the Milky Way, the _via lactea_ as he calls it after the manner of the older writers. [332] Troughton (1753-1835) was one of the world's greatest instrument makers. He was apprenticed to his brother John, and the two succeeded (1770) Wright and Cole in Fleet Street. Airy called his method of graduating circles the greatest improvement ever made in instrument making. He constructed (1800) the first modern transit circle, and his instruments were used in many of the chief observatories of the world.