[278] Thomas Rawson Birks (1810-1883), a theologian and controversialist, fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, and (1872) professor of moral philosophy in that university. He wrote _Modern Rationalism_ (1853), _The Bible and Modern Thought_ (1861), _The First Principles of Moral Science_ (1873), and _Modern Physical Fatalism and the Doctrine of Evolution_ (1876), the last being an attack on Herbert Spencer's _First Principles_. [279] Pseudonym for William Thorn. In the following year (1863) he published a second work, _The Thorn-Tree: being a History of Thorn Worship_, a reply to Bishop Colenso's work entitled _The Pentateuch and the Book of Joshua critically examined_. [280] Besides _The Pestilence_ (1866) he published _The True Church_ (1851), _The Church and her destinies_ (1855), _Religious reformation imperatively demanded_ (1864), and _The Bible plan unfolded_ (second edition, 1872). [281] See Vol. II, page 97, note 195. [282] Sir George Cornewall Lewis (1806-1863) also wrote an _Essay on the Origin and Formation of the Romance Languages_ (1835), an _Essay on the Government of Dependencies_ (1841), and an _Essay on Foreign Jurisdiction and the Extradition of Criminals_ (1859). He was Chancellor of the Exchequer in 1855 and Home Secretary in 1859. [283] Henry Malden (1800-1876), a classical scholar, fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, and professor of Greek at University College (1831-1876), then (1831) the University of London. He wrote a _History of Rome to 390 B. C._ (1830), and _On the Origin of Universities and Academical Degrees_ (1835). [284] Henry Longueville Mansel (1820-1871), theologian and metaphysician, reader in theology at Magdalen College, Oxford (1855), and professor of ecclesiastical history and Dean of St. Paul's (1866). He wrote on metaphysics, and his Bampton Lectures (1858) were reprinted several times. [285] "Hejus gave freely, gave freely. God is propitious, God is favorable to him who gives freely. God is honored with a banquet of eggs at the cross roads, the god of the world. God, with benignant spirit, desired in sacrifice a goat, a bull to be carried within the precincts of the holy place. God, twice propitiated, blesses the pit of the sacred libation." [286] Eudoxus of Cnidus (408-355 B. C.) had much to do with the early scientific astronomy of the Greeks. The fifth book of Euclid is generally attributed to him. His astronomical works are known chiefly through the poetical version of Aratus mentioned in note 13, page 167. [287] Simplicius, a native of Cilicia, lived in the 6th century of our era. He was driven from Athens by Justinian and went to Persia (531), but he returned later and had some fame as a teacher. [288] See Vol. I, page 160, note 3 {348}. [289] See Vol. I, page 76, note 3 {112}. [290] "Through right and wrong."