[291] "It is therefore to arrive at this parallelism, or to preserve it, that Copernicus feared to be obliged to have recourse to this equal and opposite movement which destroys the effect which he attributed so freely to the first, of deranging the parallelism." [292] A contemporary of Plato and a disciple of Aristotle. [293] Meton's solstice, the beginning of the Metonic cycles, has been placed at 432 B. C. Ptolemy states that he made the length of the year 365-1/4 + 1/72 days. [294] Aratus lived about 270 B. C., at the court of Antigonus of Macedonia, and probably practiced medicine there. He was the author of two astronomical poems, the [Greek: Phainomena], apparently based on the lost work of Eudoxus, and the [Greek: Dioseeia] based on Aristotle's _Meteorologica_ and _De Signis Ventorum_ of Theophrastus. [295] "The nineteen (-year) cycle of the shining sun." [296] Claudius Salmasius (1588-1653), or Claude Saumaise, was a distinguished classicist, and professor at the University of Leyden. The word [Greek: eleioio] means Elian, thus making the phrase refer to the brilliant one of Elis. [297] Sir William Brown (1784-1864). In 1800 the family moved to Baltimore, and there the father, Alexander Brown, became prominent in the linen trade. William went to Liverpool where he acquired great wealth as a merchant and banker. He was made a baronet in 1863. [298] Robert Lowe (1811-1892), viscount Sherbrooke, was a fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford (1835). He went to Australia in 1842 and was very successful at the bar. He returned to England in 1850 and became leader writer on the _Times_. He was many years in parliament, and in 1880 was raised to the peerage. [299] See Vol. I, page 42, note 4 {24}. [300] Francis Walkingame (fl. about 1751-1785), whose _Tutor's Assistant_ went through many editions from 1751-1854. [301] Davies Gilbert (1767-1839). His family name was Giddy, but he assumed his wife's name. He sat in parliament from 1806 to 1832. In 1819 he secured the establishment of the Cape of Good Hope observatory. He was Treasurer (1820-1827) and President (1827-1830) of the Royal Society. [302] See Vol. I, page 55, note 2 {63}. [303] Sir Jonathan Frederick Pollock (1783-1870) entered parliament in 1831 and was knighted in 1834. [304] Joseph Hume (1777-1855) entered parliament in 1812 and for thirty years was leader of the Radical party. [305] "What! when I say, 'Nicole, bring me my slippers,' is that prose?" [306] Captain Basil Hall (1788-1844), a naval officer, carried on a series of pendulum observations in 1820-1822, while on a cruise of the west coast of North America. The results were published in 1823 in the _Philosophical Transactions_. He also wrote two popular works on travel that went through numerous editions. [307] Anthony Ashley Cooper (1801-1885), Earl of Shaftesbury. His name is connected with philanthropic work and factory legislation. [308] See Vol. I, page 207, note 12 {469}.