[449] His _De Architectures Libri_ X was not merely a work on architecture and building, but on the education of the architect. [450] Cyclophoria. [451] William Caxton (c. 1422-c.1492), sometime Governor of the Company of Merchant Adventurers in Bruges (between 1449 and 1470). He learned the art of printing either at Bruges or Cologne, and between 1471 and 1477 set up a press at Westminster. Tradition says that the first book printed in England was his _Game and Playe of Chesse_ (1474). The _Myrrour of the Worlde and th'ymage of the same_ appeared in 1480. It contains a brief statement on arithmetic, the first mathematics to appear in print in England. [452] See Vol. I, page 45, note 6 {40}. De Morgan is wrong as to the date of the _Margarita Philosophica_. The first edition appeared at Freiburg in 1503. [453] Reisch was confessor to Maximilian I (1459-1519), King of the Romans (1486) and Emperor (1493-1519). [454] Joachim Sterck Ringelbergh (c. 1499-c. 1536), teacher of philosophy and mathematics in various cities of France and Germany. His _Institutionum astronomicarum libri III_ appeared at Basel in 1528, his _Cosmographia_ at Paris in 1529, and his _Opera_ at Leyden in 1531. [455] Johannes Heinrich Alsted (1588-1638) was professor of philosophy and theology at his birthplace, Herborn, in Nassau, and later at Weissenberg. He published several works, including the _Elementale mathematicum_ (1611), _Systema physicae harmonicae_ (1612), _Methodus admirandorum mathematicorum_ (1613), _Encyclopaedia septem tomis distincta_ (1630), and the work mentioned above. [456] Johann Jakob Hoffmann (1635-1706), professor of Greek and history at his birthplace, Basel. He also wrote the _Epitome metrica historiae universalis civilis et sacrae ab orbe condito_ (1686). [457] Ephraim Chambers (c. 1680-1740), a crotchety, penurious, but kind-hearted freethinker. His _Cyclopaedia, or an Universal Dictionary_ was translated into French and is said to have suggested the great _Encyclopedie_. [458] _Encyclopedie, ou Dictionnaire raisonne des sciences, des arts et des metiers, par un societe de gens de lettres. Mis en ordre et publie par M. Diderot, et quant a la partie mathematique, par M. d'Alembert._ Paris, 1751-1780, 35 volumes. [459] "From the egg" (state). [460] See Vol. I, page 382, note 12 {785}. [461] See Vol. II, page 4, note 15. [462] "In morals nothing should serve man as a model but God; in the arts, nothing but nature." [463] _Encyclopedie Methodique, ou par ordre de matieres._ Paris, 1782-1832, 166-1/2 volumes. [464] See Vol. II, page 193, note 336. [465] _Encyclopaedia Metropolitana; or, Universal Dictionary of Knowledge._ London, 1845, 29 volumes. A second edition came out in 1848-1858 in 40 volumes. [466] See Vol. I, page 137, note 8 {286}. [467] See Vol. I, page 80, note 5 {119}. [468] De Morgan should be alive to satirize some of the statements on the history of mathematics in the eleventh edition.