[469] John Pringle Nichol (1804-1859), Regius professor of astronomy at Glasgow and a popular lecturer on the subject. He lectured in the United States in 1848-1849. His _Views of the Architecture of the Heavens_ (1838) was a very popular work, and his _Planetary System_ (1848, 1850) contains the first suggestion for the study of sun spots by the aid of photography. [470] See Vol. II, page 109, note 206. [471] George Long (1800-1879), a native of Poulton, in Lancashire, was called to the University of Virginia when he was only twenty-four years old as professor of ancient languages. He returned to England in 1828 to become professor of Greek at London University. From 1833 to 1849 he edited the twenty-nine volumes of the _Penny Cyclopaedia_. He was an authority on Roman law. [472] A legal phrase, "Qui tam pro domina regina, quam pro se ipso sequitur,"--"Who sues as much on the Queen's account as on his own." [473] Arthur Cayley (1821-1895) was a fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge (1842-1846) and was afterwards a lawyer (1849-1863). During his fourteen years at the bar he published some two hundred mathematical papers. In 1863 he became professor of mathematics at Cambridge, and so remained until his death. His collected papers, nine hundred in number, were published by the Cambridge Press in 13 volumes (1889-1898). He contributed extensively to the theory of invariants and covariants. De Morgan's reference to his coining of new names is justified, although his contemporary, Professor Sylvester, so far surpassed him in this respect as to have been dubbed "the mathematical Adam." [474] See Vol. II, page 26, note 56. [475] See Vol. I, page 111, note 3 {207}. [476] See Vol. I, page 87, note 6 {135}. [477] Pierre Dupuy (1582-1651) was a friend and relative of De Thou. With the collaboration of his brother and Nicolas Rigault he published the 1620 and 1626 editions of De Thou's History. He also wrote on law and history. His younger brother, Jacques (died in 1656), edited his works. The two had a valuable collection of books and manuscripts which they bequeathed to the Royal Library at Paris. [478] See Vol. I, page 51, note 3 {51}. [479] It was Cosmo de' Medici (1590-1621) who was the patron of Galileo. [480] See Vol. I, page 40, note 4 {20}. [481] See Vol. I, page 106, note 4 {188}. [482] Sir Edward Sherburne (1618-1702), a scholar of considerable reputation. The reference by De Morgan is to _The Sphere of Marcus Manilius_, in the appendix to which is a _Catalogue of Astronomers, ancient and modern_. [483] George Parker, second Earl of Macclesfield (1697-1764). He erected an observatory at Shirburn Castle, Oxfordshire, in 1739, and fitted it out with the best equipment then available. He was President of the Royal Society in 1752. [484] See Vol. II, page 148, note 263. [485] See Vol. I, page 140, note 7 {296}. [486] See Vol. I, page 106, note 4 {188}.