[487] Edward Bernard (1638-1696), although Savilian professor of astronomy at Oxford, was chiefly interested in archeology. [488] See Vol. I, page 107, note 1 {190}. [489] See Vol. I, page 107, note 1 {190}. [490] See Vol. I, page 135, note 3 {281}. [491] Philip Dormer Stanhope, fourth Earl of Chesterfield (1694-1773), well known for the letters written to his son which were published posthumously (1774). [492] Peter Daval (died in 1763), Vice-President of the Royal Society, and an astronomer of some ability. [493] See Vol. I, page 376, note 1 {766}. [494] William Oughtred (c. 1573-1660), a fellow of King's College, Cambridge, and afterwards vicar of Aldbury, Surrey, wrote the best-known arithmetic and trigonometry of his time. His _Arithmeticae in Numero & Speciebus Institutio ... quasi Clavis Mathematicae est_ (1631) went through many editions and appeared in English as _The Key to the Mathematicks new forged and filed_ in 1647. [495] See Vol. I, page 140, note 5 {294}. [496] Stephen Jordan Rigaud (1816-1859) was senior assistant master of Westminster School (1846) and head master of Queen Elizabeth's School at Ipswich (1850). He was made Bishop of Antigua in 1858 and died of yellow fever the following year. [497] He also wrote a memoir of his father, privately printed at Oxford in 1883. [498] See Vol. I, page 69, note 3 {96}. [499] See Vol. I, page 106, note 4 {188}. [500] William Gascoigne was born at Middleton before 1612 and was killed in the battle of Marston Moor in 1644. He was an astronomer and invented the micrometer with movable threads (before 1639). [501] Seth Ward (1617-1689) was deprived of his fellowship at Cambridge for refusing to sign the covenant. He became professor of astronomy at Oxford (1649), Bishop of Exeter (1662), Bishop of Salisbury (1667), and Chancellor of the Garter (1671). He is best known for his solution of Kepler's problem to approximate a planet's orbit, which appeared in his _Astronomia geometrica_ in 1656. [502] See Vol. I, page 110, note 2 {198}. [503] See Vol. I, page 100, note 2 {172}. [504] See Vol. I, page 107, note 1 {190}. [505] See Vol. I page 114, note 6 {220}. [506] See Vol. I, page 77, note 4 {118}. [507] See Vol. I, page 125, note 3 {253}. [508] See Vol. I, page 105, note 2 {186}. [509] Heinrich Oldenburgh (1626-1678) was consul in England for the City of Bremen, his birthplace, and afterwards became a private teacher in London. He became secretary of the Royal Society and contributed on physics and astronomy to the _Philosophical Transactions_.