The remains here described were obtained for the most part from the site of the temple of Apollo at Naucratis, in the Nile Delta. The site of Naucratis was discovered by Mr. W. M. Flinders Petrie, and the remains of the temple were found in the course of excavations which he carried on, in 1884-5. A few sculptures also were found by Mr. E. A. Gardner in the excavations of 1885-6. The whole of the collections from Naucratis in the British Museum were presented by the Egypt Exploration Fund, which conducted the excavations. Naucratis was a colony of Greeks, settled in Egypt for purposes of trade. It is situated to the west of the most westerly or Canopic mouth of the Nile, and is nearly midway between Cairo and Alexandria. The date of the foundation of Naucratis has been a subject of controversy. It is known that the colony owed much to Amasis, King of Egypt (564-526 B.C.). According to the statement of Herodotus (ii. 178), Amasis showed his friendship to the Greeks by giving, to those who came to Egypt, the city of Naucratis to live in ([Greek: Philellên de genomenos ho Amasis alla te es Hellênôn metexeterous apedeixato, kai dê kai toisi apikneumenoisi es Aigypton edôke Naukratin polin enoikêsai, k. t. l.]). The question has been discussed whether the words of Herodotus prove that Amasis was the first to allow the Greeks to live at Naucratis, or whether the account of Strabo (xvii., 1, 18) can be accepted, according to which Naucratis was already occupied by Greeks, especially by Greeks of Miletus. If Amasis introduced the Greeks to Naucratis, no Hellenic remains on the site can be older than 504 B.C. If an earlier settlement is assumed, it may have dated from the middle of the seventh century. In either case the temple of the Milesian Apollo would have been among the earliest buildings erected. Herodotus states that by permission of Amasis, the Milesians independently founded a temenos of Apollo ([Greek: chôris de ... ep' heôutôn hidrysanto temenos ... Milêsioi Apollônos]). Messrs. Petrie and Gardner, arguing for the older date, put the foundation shortly after the middle of the seventh century. The architectural remains are very scanty. Probably much of the first temple was built of mud bricks. The stone portions may have been used again in the building of the second temple, whose ornaments were of marble. Moreover, all marble and stone is eagerly sought for and removed by the modern Arab diggers. _Naukratis_, Part I., 1884-5, by W. M. Flinders Petrie and others; _Naukratis_, Part II., 1885-6, by E. A. Gardner; G. Hirschfeld in _Rhein. Mus._, N.F., XLII. (1887), p. 209, and XLIV. (1889), p. 461; Kirchhoff, _Studien_, 4th edit. p. 43; Roberts, _Greek Epigraphy_, p. 323. THE FIRST TEMPLE OF APOLLO. [Sidenote: =100.=]