[Illustration: Fig. 5. [Greek: HYAKINTHOS](=Hyacinth)] Marble; height, 5 feet 5 inches. Restorations:--Nose, lips, chin, piece in neck, part of disk and r. hand; l. hand; piece under r. arm; pubis; r. knee; a small piece in r. leg, and parts of the toes. _Specimens_, I., pl. 29; _Mus. Marbles_, XI., pl. 44; Clarac, V., pl. 860, No. 2194 B; Ellis, _Townley Gallery_, I., p. 241; _Guide to Graeco-Roman Sculptures_, I., No. 135; _Stereoscopic_, No. 149; Wolters, No. 452. PHEIDIAS AND THE SCULPTURES OF THE PARTHENON. The sculptures of the Parthenon illustrate the style of Pheidias, the greatest of Greek sculptors. PHEIDIAS, son of Charmides, the Athenian, was born about 500 B.C. He was a pupil of the sculptor Ageladas, of Argos, or, according to others, of Hegias or Hegesias, of Athens. His youth was passed during the period of the Persian wars, and his maturity was principally devoted to the adornment of Athens, from the funds contributed by the allied Greek states during the administration of Pericles. Among the chief of the works of this period was the Parthenon, or temple of the virgin Goddess Athenè. The architect was Ictinos, but the sculptural decorations, and probably the design of the temple, were planned and executed under the superintendence of Pheidias. The building was probably begun about B.C. 447 (according to Michaelis, B.C. 454). It was sufficiently advanced to receive the statue of the Parthenos in B.C. 438, and was probably completed either in that year or a little later. It stood on the Acropolis of Athens, on a site which had been already occupied by a more ancient temple, commonly supposed to have been an ancient Parthenon, which was burnt on the sacking of Athens by the Persians, B.C. 480. Recently, however, the foundations of an early temple have been discovered between the Parthenon and the Erechtheion. It has been thought that this is the Pre-Persian Parthenon, and that the traces of an older foundation below the existing Parthenon only date from the time immediately following the Persian wars. A building is supposed to have then been begun, on a plan somewhat different from that which was carried out by Ictinos and Pericles. The Parthenon was of the Doric order of architecture, and was of the form termed _peripteral octastyle_; that is to say, it was surrounded by a colonnade, which had eight columns at each end. The architectural arrangements can be best learnt from the model, which is exhibited in the Elgin Room. See also the plan (fig. 6.) and elevation (pl. iv.).